演示使用 Qt 进行多线程编程。
内容：
在 自定义类型范例 , we showed how to integrate custom types with the meta-object system, enabling them to be stored in QVariant objects, written out in debugging information and used in signal-slot communication.
In this example, we create a new value class,
Block
, and register it with the meta-object system to enable us to send instances of it between threads using queued signals and slots.
The
Block
class is similar to the
Message
class described in the
自定义类型范例
. It provides the default constructor, copy constructor and destructor in the public section of the class that the meta-object system requires. It describes a colored rectangle.
class Block { public: Block(); Block(const Block &other); ~Block(); Block(const QRect &rect, const QColor &color); QColor color() const; QRect rect() const; private: QRect m_rect; QColor m_color; }; Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Block);
We will still need to register it with the meta-object system at run-time by calling the qRegisterMetaType () template function before we make any signal-slot connections that use this type. Even though we do not intend to use the type with QVariant in this example, it is good practice to also declare the new type with Q_DECLARE_METATYPE ().
实现为
Block
class is trivial, so we avoid quoting it here.
We define a simple
Window
class with a public slot that accepts a
Block
object. The rest of the class is concerned with managing the user interface and handling images.
class Window : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public: Window(QWidget *parent = nullptr); void loadImage(const QImage &image); public slots: void addBlock(const Block &block); private slots: void loadImage(); void resetUi(); private: QLabel *label; QPixmap pixmap; QPushButton *loadButton; QPushButton *resetButton; QString path; RenderThread *thread; };
The
Window
class also contains a worker thread, provided by a
RenderThread
object. This will emit signals to send
Block
objects to the window's
addBlock(Block)
槽。
The parts of the
Window
class that are most relevant are the constructor and the
addBlock(Block)
槽。
The constructor creates a thread for rendering images, sets up a user interface containing a label and two push buttons that are connected to slots in the same class.
Window::Window(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent), thread(new RenderThread(this)) { label = new QLabel(this); label->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter); loadButton = new QPushButton(tr("&Load image..."), this); resetButton = new QPushButton(tr("&Stop"), this); resetButton->setEnabled(false); connect(loadButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, QOverload<>::of(&Window::loadImage)); connect(resetButton, &QPushButton::clicked, thread, &RenderThread::stopProcess); connect(thread, &RenderThread::finished, this, &Window::resetUi); connect(thread, &RenderThread::sendBlock, this, &Window::addBlock);
In the last of these connections, we connect a signal in the
RenderThread
对象到
addBlock(Block)
slot in the window.
...
setWindowTitle(tr("Queued Custom Type"));
}
The rest of the constructor simply sets up the layout of the window.
The
addBlock(Block)
slot receives blocks from the rendering thread via the signal-slot connection set up in the constructor:
void Window::addBlock(const Block &block) { QColor color = block.color(); color.setAlpha(64); QPainter painter; painter.begin(&pixmap); painter.fillRect(block.rect(), color); painter.end(); label->setPixmap(pixmap); }
We simply paint these onto the label as they arrive.
The
RenderThread
class processes an image, creating
Block
objects and using the
sendBlock(Block)
signal to send them to other components in the example.
class RenderThread : public QThread { Q_OBJECT public: RenderThread(QObject *parent = nullptr); ~RenderThread(); void processImage(const QImage &image); signals: void sendBlock(const Block &block); public slots: void stopProcess(); protected: void run(); private: bool m_abort; QImage m_image; QMutex mutex; };
The constructor and destructor are not quoted here. These take care of setting up the thread's internal state and cleaning up when it is destroyed.
Processing is started with the
processImage()
function, which calls the
RenderThread
class's reimplementation of the
QThread::run
() 函数：
void RenderThread::processImage(const QImage &image) { if (image.isNull()) return; m_image = image; m_abort = false; start(); } void RenderThread::run() { int size = qMax(m_image.width()/20, m_image.height()/20); for (int s = size; s > 0; --s) { for (int c = 0; c < 400; ++c) {
Ignoring the details of the way the image is processed, we see that the signal containing a block is emitted in the usual way:
...
Block block(QRect(x1, y1, x2 - x1 + 1, y2 - y1 + 1),
QColor(red/n, green/n, blue/n));
emit sendBlock(block);
if (m_abort)
return;
msleep(10);
}
}
}
Each signal that is emitted will be queued and delivered later to the window's
addBlock(Block)
槽。
In the example's
main()
function, we perform the registration of the
Block
class as a custom type with the meta-object system by calling the
qRegisterMetaType
() template function:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); qRegisterMetaType<Block>(); Window window; window.show(); window.loadImage(createImage(256, 256)); return app.exec(); }
This call is placed here to ensure that the type is registered before any signal-slot connections are made that use it.
The rest of the
main()
function is concerned with setting a seed for the pseudo-random number generator, creating and showing the window, and setting a default image. See the source code for the implementation of the
createImage()
函数。
This example showed how a custom type can be registered with the meta-object system so that it can be used with signal-slot connections between threads. For ordinary communication involving direct signals and slots, it is enough to simply declare the type in the way described in the 自定义类型范例 .
In practice, both the Q_DECLARE_METATYPE () macro and the qRegisterMetaType () template function can be used to register custom types, but qRegisterMetaType () is only required if you need to perform signal-slot communication or need to create and destroy objects of the custom type at run-time.
More information on using custom types with Qt can be found in the 创建自定义 Qt 类型 文档。