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  3. Qt 6 的新功能
  4. Qt 6.4 的新功能

Qt 6.4 的新功能

New and Restored Modules in Qt 6.4

Qt 6.4 adds the following modules:

  • Qt HTTP Server - A module for embedding an HTTP server into Qt applications. This module is in technical preview, API and ABI stability is not guaranteed.
  • Qt Quick 3D Physics - A high-level QML module adding physical simulation capabilities to Qt Quick 3D.

Qt 6.4 reintroduces the Qt TextToSpeech module from Qt 5. This module wasn't present in Qt 6.3. It now uses the CMake build system and works with Qt 6.

You'll find more details about changes to each module in Qt 6 中的 Qt 模块变化 .

New Features in Qt 6.4

Qt Core 模块

  • 添加 QLatin1StringView as an alias for QLatin1String . This is now the recommended name for referring to a Latin-1 string view.
  • The QLatin1StringView(const char *, qsizetype) and QLatin1StringView(const char *, const char *) constructors are made non-explicit.
  • Added literal operator _L1 for creating Latin-1 string and char literals in the Qt::Literals::StringLiterals 名称空间。
  • Added literal operators _s and _ba for creating QString and QByteArray literals respectively, in the Qt::Literals::StringLiterals namespace. Deprecated _qs and _qba in favor of _s and _ba .
  • Deprecated QString::count() and QByteArray::count() that take no parameters, to avoid confusion with the algorithm overloads of the same name. They can be replaced by size() or length() 方法。
  • QStringEncoder and QStringDecoder support now all codecs supported by ICU when Qt is built with ICU support enabled.
  • In the classes for Android and JNI development, QJniObject and QJniEnvironment , overloads have been added for callMethod , findMethod and similar methods. It is now possible to call Java functions and register native methods without specifying a signature string.
  • The new template function QJniObject::construct () allows instantiating of a Java class from C++ without specifying a type or signature string.
  • QByteArray now has a percentDecoded() instance method as an alternative to calling the fromPercentEncoding() static method on the instance.
  • QTextStream now supports input and output of char16_t.
  • QStringView now has a localeAwareCompare() method and can count() how many times a given sub-string appears.
  • QDate can now be constructed from various std::chrono year-month-day structure types, when available, and it has an addDuration() taking a std::chrono::days, when available.
  • QDateTime likewise gains an addDuration(std::chrono::milliseconds), along with arithmetic to add or subtract the same type, a difference of QDateTime values returning it, and a few static pseudo-constructors taking various std::chrono types describing a moment in time.
  • 添加 QTimeZone::fromStdTimeZonePtr (const std::chrono::time_zone *).
  • QCalendar 's construction by name now accepts QAnyStringView .

Qt GUI 模块

Qt Quick 模块

  • Several new properties and functions has been added to TableView that improves support for keyboard navigation and selection, row- and column selections, animations, sub-cell positioning, and more.
  • TreeView now support selections, and has gained a broader API for expanding and collapsing nodes in the tree recursively.
  • QQuickWidget is now functional with all supported 3D graphics APIs (Vulkan, Metal, Direct3D 11) in addition to OpenGL. Applications no longer have to enforce rendering with OpenGL when using QQuickWidget .
  • Added support for arrays of combined image samplers in shaders used with custom materials. This is supported by the new function QSGMaterialShader::combinedImageSamplerCount () and the enhanced semantics of the existing texture argument of QSGMaterialShader::updateSampledImage ().
  • Added support changing the polygon rasterization mode from solid to line in QSGMaterialShader::GraphicsPipelineState . (available only when the 3D API in use supports this)
  • ShaderEffectSource.format and layer.format were not useful in previous Qt 6 releases, with the legacy values ignored in practice. This is now documented and new, actually useful values are introduced, in particular to enable requesting floating point (FP16 or FP32) textures instead of RGBA8, if desired.
  • 添加 QQuickRenderTarget::fromPaintDevice (), enabling redirecting the output from a QQuickWindow 使用 software backend as well.
  • Added overloads in QQuickRenderTarget that enable specifying the native format of the texture or image object. This is relevant in some advanced use cases when one has to work with native textures that are not RGBA8. Note that only native formats that are supported by Qt's rendering infrastructure are accepted.
  • 添加 setMirrorVertically () 到 QQuickRenderTarget , which allows requesting the Qt Quick renderer to alter its matrices to get vertically flipped results when redirecting the 3D API-based rendering into a texture.
  • Qt Quick windows will now attempt to use the software rasterization platform of Direct 3D (WARP) in case the primary graphics device is not compatible with Qt, without having to resort to manually setting environment variables.
  • Added simple heuristics to the threaded render loop of the Qt Quick scenegraph for recognizing broken vsync-based throttling. When frames are rendered/presented too fast, without blocking the render thread, it now switches automatically to the regular timer-based approach of running animations, thus preventing QML animations running too fast.
  • 添加 FrameAnimation for custom animations. Allows running custom scripts in synchronization with the animation frames.

Qt Quick Controls 模块

Qt Quick Dialogs 模块

  • 添加 ColorDialog . This is a native dialog on platforms that support it, and a non-native Qt Quick dialog on other platforms.

    The non-native dialog supports all of the non-native styles: Basic, Fusion, Imagine, Material and Universal.

Qt Widgets 模块

Qt Network 模块

  • 添加 QSslServer . This simplifies creation of a server which solely communicates over TLS.
  • QNetworkInformation now has loadBackendByFeatures(Features) and loadBackendByName( QStringView ), meant to eventually replace the corresponding overloaded load(Features/ QStringView ) functions which are now marked as deprecated.

Qt Test 模块

  • QTestEventLoop::enterLoopMSecs() now uses a PreciseTimer if the timeout is less than a second.
  • Custom QTest::compare() implementations should now revise any calls to QTest::compare_helper() to use one of the two new overloads instead of the old one, which is now deprecated (so as to only generate the strings to represent values in a failure report if the check actually does fail).
  • 添加 QAbstractItemModelTester::setUseFetchMore ().
  • New macros QCOMPARE_{EQ,NE,GT,GE,LT,LE}() support comparisons with reporting similar to that of QCOMPARE (). The EQ one does exact comparisons, without QCOMPARE ()'s customizations. These also come with the usual QTRY_COMPARE_*() and QTRY_COMPARE_*_WITH_TIMEOUT() variants.

Qt QML 模块

  • QML Language
    • You can register custom value types with names now. That is, the argument to QML_VALUE_TYPE is no longer ignored. It must be lower case. Once registered, you can declare properties of your own value types in QML.
    • You can store any named value type in a list in QML now. For example list<rect> in QML is like a QList < QRectF > in C++. This removes the need to use var for such properties or wrap their elements into objects.
    • The new pragma ComponentBehavior lets you specify whether components defined in a QML file can be used outside of their creation context. If not (pragma ComponentBehavior: Bound), then Qt Quick Compiler can optimize your code better.
  • QML Type Compiler (qmltc)
    • Expanded QML language coverage
  • QML Script Compiler (qmlsc, qmlcachegen)
    • Various operations on lists of value types are now compiled to C++.
    • Dead code and dead stores are optimized out more aggressively now.
    • Type conversions now happen at the place where a value is written, not at the place where it's read. If the value is read multiple times, this is faster.
  • QML Linter (qmllint)
  • QML Language Server (qmlls)
    • Added completions support
    • Added code action fixing for some linter warnings/hints
    • Moved executable to libexec
  • Cleaned up CMake API:

Qt Quick 3D 模块

  • Added a preview of lightmap baking support. This provides a static global illumination solution with lightmaps pre-generated using raytracing. See Lightmaps and Global Illumination 了解细节。
  • 添加 SpecularGlossyMaterial to enable using the specular/glossiness workflow instead of metalness/roughness.
  • 添加 LineParticle3D type that allows creating line shaped sprite particles.
  • 添加 Model.castsReflection property to control if a model is rendered by reflection probes and if it can be seen in reflections. The same property is also introduced for sprite particles .
  • 添加 ReflectionProbe.boxOffset property to move the box relative to the position of the probe without affecting the position of the capture point.
  • 添加 ReflectionProbe.debugView property to display a cube visualizing the probe box.
  • 添加 HeightFieldGeometry to enable creating a height-field geometry from an image file.
  • 添加 CubeMapTexture to enable custom materials and post-processing effects to work with cube map textures in the shaders. The input is either a .ktx container with image data for all 6 faces, or 6 individual image files.
  • Added support for rendering a skybox from a cubemap instead of the light probe. This can be requested by setting the background mode SceneEnvironment.SkyBoxCubeMap .
  • 添加 ProceduralSkyTextureData to procedurally generate a HDR light probe or sky box texture.
  • Improved shadow rendering for point and spot lights.
  • 添加 renderFormat 特性到 View3D to allow specifying the backing texture format when the View3D is using its (default) Offscreen render mode. The available values are the same as with ShaderEffectSource.format (which itself is also revised in 6.4). This enables using floating point textures instead of the default RGBA8.
  • Support for importing UIP files was removed. The mapping from old Qt 3D Studio features to Qt Quick 3D was problematic in previous releases already. Therefore, Qt 6.4 removes support for .uip files from the balsam 工具。

Qt Connectivity 模块

  • QNdefMessage is no longer exported. This class inherits QList publicly, but QList isn't designed to be inherited by an exported class.

    警告： This is not backward compatible, but this will prevent future BC breaks going forward.

  • In Qt Bluetooth various error enums are extended with new error codes that represent a missing permissions error. Currently these codes are used on Android and macOS/iOS. See QBluetoothLocalDevice::MissingPermissionsError as an example.

Qt WebEngine 模块

平台的变化

WebAssembly

Qt is now fully supported on the WebAssembly platform. See the platform documentation at Qt for WebAssembly 了解细节。

移动平台

Android

  • Updated Gradle to 7.4.2 and Android Gradle Plugin to 7.2.1.
  • Updated NDK to r23b (23.1.7779620).
  • Added CMake variables QT_ANDROID_SIGN_APK and QT_ANDROID_SIGN_AAB to build signed packages directly from CMake.
  • Android Accessibility is now aware of scroll events.
  • Improved assets loading speed for Android apps.

嵌入式平台

Boot to Qt

  • Boot to Qt stack was updated to use Yocto 4.0.3 (kirkstone).
  • NXP i.MX8M Plus LPDDR4 EVK added as a new reference device.

QNX

WebOS

  • Qt 6.4 has been verified to work with LG webOS OSE 2.18.0 ( Qt for webOS ).

API 变化列表

These pages contain an overview of API changes in Qt 6.4:

内容

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