Loader QML Type

Allows dynamic loading of a subtree from a URL or Component. 更多...

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特性

• active : bool
• asynchronous : bool
• item : QtObject
• progress : real
• source : url
• sourceComponent : Component
• status : enumeration

信号

• loaded ()

方法

• 对象 setSource (url source , object properties )

详细描述

Loader is used to dynamically load QML components.

Loader can load a QML file (using the source property) or a Component object (using the sourceComponent property). It is useful for delaying the creation of a component until it is required: for example, when a component should be created on demand, or when a component should not be created unnecessarily for performance reasons.

Here is a Loader that loads "Page1.qml" as a component when the MouseArea is clicked:

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader { id: pageLoader }
    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: pageLoader.source = "Page1.qml"
    }
}
					

The loaded object can be accessed using the item 特性。

若 source or sourceComponent changes, any previously instantiated items are destroyed. Setting source to an empty string or setting sourceComponent to undefined destroys the currently loaded object, freeing resources and leaving the Loader empty.

Loader Sizing Behavior

If the source component is not an Item type, Loader does not apply any special sizing rules. When used to load visual types, Loader applies the following sizing rules:

• If an explicit size is not specified for the Loader, the Loader is automatically resized to the size of the loaded item once the component is loaded.
• If the size of the Loader is specified explicitly by setting the width, height or by anchoring, the loaded item will be resized to the size of the Loader.

In both scenarios the size of the item and the Loader are identical. This ensures that anchoring to the Loader is equivalent to anchoring to the loaded item.

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
  width: 200; height: 200
  Loader {
    // Explicitly set the size of the
    // Loader to the parent item's size
    anchors.fill: parent
    sourceComponent: rect
  }
  Component {
    id: rect
    Rectangle {
      width: 50
      height: 50
      color: "red"
      }
  }
}
								

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
  width: 200; height: 200
  Loader {
    // position the Loader in the center
    // of the parent
    anchors.centerIn: parent
    sourceComponent: rect
  }
  Component {
      id: rect
      Rectangle {
          width: 50
          height: 50
          color: "red"
      }
  }
}
								

Receiving Signals from Loaded Objects

Any signals emitted from the loaded object can be received using the Connections type. For example, the following application.qml loads MyItem.qml , and is able to receive the message signal from the loaded item through a Connections 对象：

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
    width: 100; height: 100
    Loader {
       id: myLoader
       source: "MyItem.qml"
    }
    Connections {
        target: myLoader.item
        function onMessage(msg) { console.log(msg) }
    }
}
								

import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
   id: myItem
   signal message(string msg)
   width: 100; height: 100
   MouseArea {
       anchors.fill: parent
       onClicked: myItem.message("clicked!")
   }
}
								

Alternatively, since MyItem.qml is loaded within the scope of the Loader, it could also directly call any function defined in the Loader or its parent Item .

Focus and Key Events

Loader is a focus scope. Its focus property must be set to true for any of its children to get the active focus 。(见 Qt Quick 中的键盘聚焦 for more details.) Any key events received in the loaded item should likely also be accepted so they are not propagated to the Loader.

例如，以下 application.qml loads KeyReader.qml when the MouseArea is clicked. Notice the focus property is set to true for the Loader as well as the Item in the dynamically loaded object:

import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
    width: 200; height: 200
    Loader {
        id: loader
        focus: true
    }
    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: {
            loader.source = "KeyReader.qml"
        }
    }
    Keys.onPressed: (event)=> {
        console.log("Captured:",
                    event.text);
    }
}
								

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
    Item {
        focus: true
        Keys.onPressed: (event)=> {
            console.log("KeyReader captured:",
                        event.text);
            event.accepted = true;
        }
    }
}
								

一旦 KeyReader.qml is loaded, it accepts key events and sets event.accepted to true so that the event is not propagated to the parent Rectangle .

由于 QtQuick 2.0 , Loader can also load non-visual components.

Using a Loader within a View Delegate

In some cases you may wish to use a Loader within a view delegate to improve delegate loading performance. This works well in most cases, but there is one important issue to be aware of related to the creation context of a Component.

在以下范例中， index context property inserted by the ListView into delegateComponent 's context will be inaccessible to Text, as the Loader will use the creation context of myComponent as the parent context when instantiating it, and index does not refer to anything within that context chain.

Item {
    width: 400
    height: 400
    Component {
        id: myComponent
        Text { text: index }    //fails
    }
    ListView {
        anchors.fill: parent
        model: 5
        delegate: Component {
            id: delegateComponent
            Loader {
                sourceComponent: myComponent
            }
        }
    }
}
					

In this situation we can either move the component inline,

        delegate: Component {
            Loader {
                sourceComponent: Component {
                    Text { text: index }    //okay
                }
            }
        }
					

into a separate file,

        delegate: Component {
            Loader {
                source: "MyComponent.qml" //okay
            }
        }
					

or explicitly set the required information as a property of the Loader (this works because the Loader sets itself as the context object for the component it is loading).

Item {
    width: 400
    height: 400
    Component {
        id: myComponent
        Text { text: modelIndex }    //okay
    }
    ListView {
        anchors.fill: parent
        model: 5
        delegate: Component {
            Loader {
                property int modelIndex: index
                sourceComponent: myComponent
            }
        }
    }
}
					

另请参阅 动态对象创建 .

特性文档编制

此特性是 true if the Loader is currently active. The default value for this property is true .

If the Loader is inactive, changing the source or sourceComponent will not cause the item to be instantiated until the Loader is made active.

Setting the value to inactive will cause any item loaded by the loader to be released, but will not affect the source or sourceComponent .

The status of an inactive loader is always Null .

另请参阅 source and sourceComponent .

This property holds whether the component will be instantiated asynchronously. By default it is false .

When used in conjunction with the source property, loading and compilation will also be performed in a background thread.

Loading asynchronously creates the objects declared by the component across multiple frames, and reduces the likelihood of glitches in animation. When loading asynchronously the status will change to Loader.Loading. Once the entire component has been created, the item will be available and the status will change to Loader.Ready.

Changing the value of this property to false while an asynchronous load is in progress will force immediate, synchronous completion. This allows beginning an asynchronous load and then forcing completion if the Loader content must be accessed before the asynchronous load has completed.

To avoid seeing the items loading progressively set visible appropriately, e.g.

Loader {
    source: "mycomponent.qml"
    asynchronous: true
    visible: status == Loader.Ready
}
							

Note that this property affects object instantiation only; it is unrelated to loading a component asynchronously via a network.

This property holds the top-level object that is currently loaded.

由于 QtQuick 2.0 , Loader can load any object type.

This property holds the progress of loading QML data from the network, from 0.0 (nothing loaded) to 1.0 (finished). Most QML files are quite small, so this value will rapidly change from 0 to 1.

另请参阅 status .

This property holds the URL of the QML component to instantiate.

由于 QtQuick 2.0 , Loader is able to load any type of object; it is not restricted to Item types.

To unload the currently loaded object, set this property to an empty string, or set sourceComponent to undefined . Setting source to a new URL will also cause the item created by the previous URL to be unloaded.

另请参阅 sourceComponent , status ，和 progress .

此特性保持 Component to instantiate.

Item {
    Component {
        id: redSquare
        Rectangle { color: "red"; width: 10; height: 10 }
    }
    Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare }
    Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare; x: 10 }
}
											

To unload the currently loaded object, set this property to undefined .

由于 QtQuick 2.0 , Loader is able to load any type of object; it is not restricted to Item types.

另请参阅 source and progress .

This property holds the status of QML loading. It can be one of:

• Loader.Null - the loader is inactive or no QML source has been set
• Loader.Ready - the QML source has been loaded
• Loader.Loading - the QML source is currently being loaded
• Loader.Error - an error occurred while loading the QML source

Use this status to provide an update or respond to the status change in some way. For example, you could:

• Trigger a state change:

  State { name: 'loaded'; when: loader.status == Loader.Ready }
  														

• Implement an onStatusChanged signal handler:

  Loader {
  
  id
  
  :
  
  loader
  
  
  onStatusChanged
  
  :
  
  if
  
   (
  
  loader
  
  .
  
  status
  
  
  ==
  
  
  Loader
  
  .
  
  Ready
  
  )
  
  console
  
  .
  
  log
  
  (
  
  'Loaded'
  
  )
  }
  														

• Bind to the status value:

  Text { text: loader.status == Loader.Ready ? 'Loaded' : 'Not loaded' }
  														

Note that if the source is a local file, the status will initially be Ready (or Error). While there will be no onStatusChanged signal in that case, the onLoaded will still be invoked.

另请参阅 progress .

信号文档编制

此信号被发射当 status becomes Loader.Ready , or on successful initial load.

注意： 相应处理程序是 onLoaded .

方法文档编制

Creates an object instance of the given source component that will have the given properties 。 properties argument is optional. The instance will be accessible via the item property once loading and instantiation is complete.

若 active 特性为 false at the time when this function is called, the given source component will not be loaded but the source and initial properties will be cached. When the loader is made active , an instance of the source component will be created with the initial properties set.

Setting the initial property values of an instance of a component in this manner will not trigger any associated Behavior 。

Note that the cached properties will be cleared if the source or sourceComponent is changed after calling this function but prior to setting the loader active .

范例：

// ExampleComponent.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
    id: rect
    color: "red"
    width: 10
    height: 10
    Behavior on color {
        NumberAnimation {
            target: rect
            property: "width"
            to: (rect.width + 20)
            duration: 0
        }
    }
}
																	

// example.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
    Loader {
        id: squareLoader
        onLoaded: console.log(squareLoader.item.width);
        // prints [10], not [30]
    }
    Component.onCompleted: {
        squareLoader.setSource("ExampleComponent.qml",
                             { "color": "blue" });
        // will trigger the onLoaded code when complete.
    }
}
																	

另请参阅 source and active .

内容

• 特性

• 信号

• 方法

• 详细描述

• Loader Sizing Behavior

• Receiving Signals from Loaded Objects

• Focus and Key Events

• Using a Loader within a View Delegate