QRegularExpression 类提供以正则表达式进行模式匹配。 更多...
| 头： | #include <QRegularExpression> |
| CMake: |
find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS Core REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core) |
| qmake: | QT += core |
| Since: | Qt 5.0 |
注意： 此类的所有函数 可重入 .
| enum | MatchOption { NoMatchOption, AnchoredMatchOption, AnchorAtOffsetMatchOption, DontCheckSubjectStringMatchOption } |
| flags | MatchOptions |
| enum | MatchType { NormalMatch, PartialPreferCompleteMatch, PartialPreferFirstMatch, NoMatch } |
| enum | PatternOption { NoPatternOption, CaseInsensitiveOption, DotMatchesEverythingOption, MultilineOption, ExtendedPatternSyntaxOption, …, UseUnicodePropertiesOption } |
| flags | PatternOptions |
| enum | WildcardConversionOption { DefaultWildcardConversion, UnanchoredWildcardConversion } |
| flags | WildcardConversionOptions |
| QRegularExpression (QRegularExpression && re ) | |
| QRegularExpression (const QRegularExpression & re ) | |
| QRegularExpression (const QString & pattern , QRegularExpression::PatternOptions options = NoPatternOption) | |
| QRegularExpression () | |
| QRegularExpression & | operator= (QRegularExpression && re ) |
| QRegularExpression & | operator= (const QRegularExpression & re ) |
| ~QRegularExpression () | |
| int | captureCount () const |
| QString | errorString () const |
| QRegularExpressionMatchIterator | globalMatch (const QString & subject , qsizetype offset = 0, QRegularExpression::MatchType matchType = NormalMatch, QRegularExpression::MatchOptions matchOptions = NoMatchOption) const |
| QRegularExpressionMatchIterator | globalMatch (QStringView subjectView , qsizetype offset = 0, QRegularExpression::MatchType matchType = NormalMatch, QRegularExpression::MatchOptions matchOptions = NoMatchOption) const |
| bool | isValid () const |
| QRegularExpressionMatch | match (const QString & subject , qsizetype offset = 0, QRegularExpression::MatchType matchType = NormalMatch, QRegularExpression::MatchOptions matchOptions = NoMatchOption) const |
| QRegularExpressionMatch | match (QStringView subjectView , qsizetype offset = 0, QRegularExpression::MatchType matchType = NormalMatch, QRegularExpression::MatchOptions matchOptions = NoMatchOption) const |
| QStringList | namedCaptureGroups () const |
| void | optimize () const |
| QString | pattern () const |
| qsizetype | patternErrorOffset () const |
| QRegularExpression::PatternOptions | patternOptions () const |
| void | setPattern (const QString & pattern ) |
| void | setPatternOptions (QRegularExpression::PatternOptions options ) |
| void | swap (QRegularExpression & other ) |
| bool | operator!= (const QRegularExpression & re ) const |
| bool | operator== (const QRegularExpression & re ) const |
| QString | anchoredPattern (QStringView 表达式 ) |
| QString | anchoredPattern (const QString & 表达式 ) |
| QString | escape (QStringView str ) |
| QString | escape (const QString & str ) |
| QRegularExpression | fromWildcard (QStringView pattern , Qt::CaseSensitivity cs = Qt::CaseInsensitive, QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions options = DefaultWildcardConversion) |
| QString | wildcardToRegularExpression (QStringView pattern , QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions options = DefaultWildcardConversion) |
| QString | wildcardToRegularExpression (const QString & pattern , QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions options = DefaultWildcardConversion) |
| size_t | qHash (const QRegularExpression & key , size_t seed = 0) |
| QDataStream & | operator<< (QDataStream & out , const QRegularExpression & re ) |
| QDebug | operator<< (QDebug debug , const QRegularExpression & re ) |
| QDebug | operator<< (QDebug debug , QRegularExpression::PatternOptions patternOptions ) |
| QDataStream & | operator>> (QDataStream & in , QRegularExpression & re ) |
正则表达式，或 regexps , are a very powerful tool to handle strings and texts. This is useful in many contexts, e.g.,
| 验证 | A regexp can test whether a substring meets some criteria, e.g. is an integer or contains no whitespace. |
| 搜索 | A regexp provides more powerful pattern matching than simple substring matching, e.g., match one of the words mail , letter or correspondence , but none of the words email , mailman , mailer , letterbox ，等。 |
| 搜索和替换 | A regexp can replace all occurrences of a substring with a different substring, e.g., replace all occurrences of & with & except where the & is already followed by an amp; . |
| 字符串分割 | A regexp can be used to identify where a string should be split apart, e.g. splitting tab-delimited strings. |
This document is by no means a complete reference to pattern matching using regular expressions, and the following parts will require the reader to have some basic knowledge about Perl-like regular expressions and their pattern syntax.
有关正则表达式的参考资料，包括:
QRegularExpression implements Perl-compatible regular expressions. It fully supports Unicode. For an overview of the regular expression syntax supported by QRegularExpression, please refer to the aforementioned pcrepattern(3) man page. A regular expression is made up of two things: a pattern string and a set of pattern options that change the meaning of the pattern string.
You can set the pattern string by passing a string to the QRegularExpression constructor:
QRegularExpression re("a pattern");
这将模式字符串设为
a pattern
。还可以使用
setPattern
() function to set a pattern on an existing QRegularExpression object:
QRegularExpression re; re.setPattern("another pattern");
Note that due to C++ literal strings rules, you must escape all backslashes inside the pattern string with another backslash:
// matches two digits followed by a space and a word QRegularExpression re("\\d\\d \\w+"); // matches a backslash QRegularExpression re2("\\\\");
另外，可以使用
原生字符串文字
, in which case you don't need to escape backslashes in the pattern, all characters between
R"(...)"
are considered raw characters. As you can see in the following example, this simplifies writing patterns:
// matches two digits followed by a space and a word QRegularExpression re(R"(\d\d \w+)");
pattern () function returns the pattern that is currently set for a QRegularExpression object:
QRegularExpression re("a third pattern"); QString pattern = re.pattern(); // pattern == "a third pattern"
The meaning of the pattern string can be modified by setting one or more pattern options . For instance, it is possible to set a pattern to match case insensitively by setting the QRegularExpression::CaseInsensitiveOption .
You can set the options by passing them to the QRegularExpression constructor, as in:
// matches "Qt rocks", but also "QT rocks", "QT ROCKS", "qT rOcKs", etc. QRegularExpression re("Qt rocks", QRegularExpression::CaseInsensitiveOption);
Alternatively, you can use the setPatternOptions () function on an existing QRegularExpressionObject:
QRegularExpression re("^\\d+$"); re.setPatternOptions(QRegularExpression::MultilineOption); // re matches any line in the subject string that contains only digits (but at least one)
It is possible to get the pattern options currently set on a QRegularExpression object by using the patternOptions () 函数：
QRegularExpression re = QRegularExpression("^two.*words$", QRegularExpression::MultilineOption | QRegularExpression::DotMatchesEverythingOption); QRegularExpression::PatternOptions options = re.patternOptions(); // options == QRegularExpression::MultilineOption | QRegularExpression::DotMatchesEverythingOption
请参考 QRegularExpression::PatternOption enum documentation for more information about each pattern option.
The last two arguments of the match () 和 globalMatch () functions set the match type and the match options. The match type is a value of the QRegularExpression::MatchType enum; the "traditional" matching algorithm is chosen by using the NormalMatch match type (the default). It is also possible to enable partial matching of the regular expression against a subject string: see the 局部匹配 章节了解更多细节。
The match options are a set of one or more QRegularExpression::MatchOption values. They change the way a specific match of a regular expression against a subject string is done. Please refer to the QRegularExpression::MatchOption enum documentation for more details.
为履行匹配，只需援引 match () function passing a string to match against. We refer to this string as the subject string . The result of the match () function is a QRegularExpressionMatch object that can be used to inspect the results of the match. For instance:
// match two digits followed by a space and a word QRegularExpression re("\\d\\d \\w+"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abc123 def"); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // true
If a match is successful, the (implicit) capturing group number 0 can be used to retrieve the substring matched by the entire pattern (see also the section about extracting captured substrings ):
QRegularExpression re("\\d\\d \\w+"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abc123 def"); if (match.hasMatch()) { QString matched = match.captured(0); // matched == "23 def" // ... }
It's also possible to start a match at an arbitrary offset inside the subject string by passing the offset as an argument of the
match
() function. In the following example
"12 abc"
is not matched because the match is started at offset 1:
QRegularExpression re("\\d\\d \\w+"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("12 abc 45 def", 1); if (match.hasMatch()) { QString matched = match.captured(0); // matched == "45 def" // ... }
QRegularExpressionMatch object contains also information about the substrings captured by the capturing groups in the pattern string. The captured() function will return the string captured by the n-th capturing group:
QRegularExpression re("^(\\d\\d)/(\\d\\d)/(\\d\\d\\d\\d)$"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("08/12/1985"); if (match.hasMatch()) { QString day = match.captured(1); // day == "08" QString month = match.captured(2); // month == "12" QString year = match.captured(3); // year == "1985" // ... }
Capturing groups in the pattern are numbered starting from 1, and the implicit capturing group 0 is used to capture the substring that matched the entire pattern.
It's also possible to retrieve the starting and the ending offsets (inside the subject string) of each captured substring, by using the capturedStart() 和 capturedEnd() functions:
QRegularExpression re("abc(\\d+)def"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("XYZabc123defXYZ"); if (match.hasMatch()) { int startOffset = match.capturedStart(1); // startOffset == 6 int endOffset = match.capturedEnd(1); // endOffset == 9 // ... }
All of these functions have an overload taking a QString as a parameter in order to extract 命名 captured substrings. For instance:
QRegularExpression re("^(?<date>\\d\\d)/(?<month>\\d\\d)/(?<year>\\d\\d\\d\\d)$"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("08/12/1985"); if (match.hasMatch()) { QString date = match.captured("date"); // date == "08" QString month = match.captured("month"); // month == "12" QString year = match.captured("year"); // year == 1985 }
全局匹配
is useful to find all the occurrences of a given regular expression inside a subject string. Suppose that we want to extract all the words from a given string, where a word is a substring matching the pattern
\w+
.
QRegularExpression::globalMatch 返回 QRegularExpressionMatchIterator , which is a Java-like forward iterator that can be used to iterate over the results. For instance:
QRegularExpression re("(\\w+)"); QRegularExpressionMatchIterator i = re.globalMatch("the quick fox");
由于它是像 Java 迭代器， QRegularExpressionMatchIterator will point immediately before the first result. Every result is returned as a QRegularExpressionMatch 对象。 hasNext() function will return true if there's at least one more result, and next() will return the next result and advance the iterator. Continuing from the previous example:
QStringList words; while (i.hasNext()) { QRegularExpressionMatch match = i.next(); QString word = match.captured(1); words << word; } // words contains "the", "quick", "fox"
还可以使用 peekNext() to get the next result without advancing the iterator.
It is also possible to simply use the result of QRegularExpression::globalMatch in a range-based for loop, for instance like this:
// using a raw string literal, R"(raw_characters)", to be able to use "\w" // without having to escape the backslash as "\\w" QRegularExpression re(R"(\w+)"); QString subject("the quick fox"); for (const QRegularExpressionMatch &match : re.globalMatch(subject)) { // ... }
It is possible to pass a starting offset and one or more match options to the globalMatch () function, exactly like normal matching with match ().
A partial match is obtained when the end of the subject string is reached, but more characters are needed to successfully complete the match. Note that a partial match is usually much more inefficient than a normal match because many optimizations of the matching algorithm cannot be employed.
A partial match must be explicitly requested by specifying a match type of
PartialPreferCompleteMatch
or
PartialPreferFirstMatch
当调用
QRegularExpression::match
or
QRegularExpression::globalMatch
. If a partial match is found, then calling the
hasMatch()
function on the
QRegularExpressionMatch
object returned by
match
() 会返回
false
，但
hasPartialMatch()
将返回
true
.
When a partial match is found, no captured substrings are returned, and the (implicit) capturing group 0 corresponding to the whole match captures the partially matched substring of the subject string.
Note that asking for a partial match can still lead to a complete match, if one is found; in this case,
hasMatch()
将返回
true
and
hasPartialMatch()
false
. It never happens that a
QRegularExpressionMatch
reports both a partial and a complete match.
Partial matching is mainly useful in two scenarios: validating user input in real time and incremental/multi-segment matching.
Suppose that we would like the user to input a date in a specific format, for instance "MMM dd, yyyy". We can check the input validity with a pattern like:
^(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec) \d\d?, \d\d\d\d$
(This pattern doesn't catch invalid days, but let's keep it for the example's purposes).
We would like to validate the input with this regular expression while the user is typing it, so that we can report an error in the input as soon as it is committed (for instance, the user typed the wrong key). In order to do so we must distinguish three cases:
Note that these three cases represent exactly the possible states of a QValidator (see the QValidator::State enum).
In particular, in the last case we want the regular expression engine to report a partial match: we are successfully matching the pattern against the subject string but the matching cannot continue because the end of the subject is encountered. Notice, however, that the matching algorithm should continue and try all possibilities, and in case a complete (non-partial) match is found, then this one should be reported, and the input string accepted as fully valid.
This behavior is implemented by the PartialPreferCompleteMatch match type. For instance:
QString pattern("^(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec) \\d\\d?, \\d\\d\\d\\d$"); QRegularExpression re(pattern); QString input("Jan 21,"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match(input, 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferCompleteMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // false bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // true
If matching the same regular expression against the subject string leads to a complete match, it is reported as usual:
QString input("Dec 8, 1985"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match(input, 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferCompleteMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // true bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // false
Another example with a different pattern, showing the behavior of preferring a complete match over a partial one:
QRegularExpression re("abc\\w+X|def"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abcdef", 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferCompleteMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // true bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // false QString captured = match.captured(0); // captured == "def"
在此情况下，子模式
abc\\w+X
partially matches the subject string; however, the subpattern
def
matches the subject string completely, and therefore a complete match is reported.
If multiple partial matches are found when matching (but no complete match), then the QRegularExpressionMatch object will report the first one that is found. For instance:
QRegularExpression re("abc\\w+X|defY"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abcdef", 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferCompleteMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // false bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // true QString captured = match.captured(0); // captured == "abcdef"
Incremental matching is another use case of partial matching. Suppose that we want to find the occurrences of a regular expression inside a large text (that is, substrings matching the regular expression). In order to do so we would like to "feed" the large text to the regular expression engines in smaller chunks. The obvious problem is what happens if the substring that matches the regular expression spans across two or more chunks.
In this case, the regular expression engine should report a partial match, so that we can match again adding new data and (eventually) get a complete match. This implies that the regular expression engine may assume that there are other characters beyond the end of the subject string. This is not to be taken literally -- the engine will never try to access any character after the last one in the subject.
QRegularExpression implements this behavior when using the PartialPreferFirstMatch match type. This match type reports a partial match as soon as it is found, and other match alternatives are not tried (even if they could lead to a complete match). For instance:
QRegularExpression re("abc|ab"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("ab", 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferFirstMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // false bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // true
This happens because when matching the first branch of the alternation operator a partial match is found, and therefore matching stops, without trying the second branch. Another example:
QRegularExpression re("abc(def)?"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abc", 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferFirstMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // false bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // true
This shows what could seem a counterintuitive behavior of quantifiers: since
?
is greedy, then the engine tries first to continue the match after having matched
"abc"
; but then the matching reaches the end of the subject string, and therefore a partial match is reported. This is even more surprising in the following example:
QRegularExpression re("(abc)*"); QRegularExpressionMatch match = re.match("abc", 0, QRegularExpression::PartialPreferFirstMatch); bool hasMatch = match.hasMatch(); // false bool hasPartialMatch = match.hasPartialMatch(); // true
It's easy to understand this behavior if we remember that the engine expects the subject string to be only a substring of the whole text we're looking for a match into (that is, how we said before, that the engine assumes that there are other characters beyond the end of the subject string).
由于
*
quantifier is greedy, then reporting a complete match could be an error, because after the current subject
"abc"
there may be other occurrences of
"abc"
. For instance, the complete text could have been "abcabcX", and therefore the
right
match to report (in the complete text) would have been
"abcabc"
; by matching only against the leading
"abc"
we instead get a partial match.
It is possible for a QRegularExpression object to be invalid because of syntax errors in the pattern string. The isValid () function will return true if the regular expression is valid, or false otherwise:
QRegularExpression invalidRe("(unmatched|parenthesis"); bool isValid = invalidRe.isValid(); // false
You can get more information about the specific error by calling the errorString () 函数；再者， patternErrorOffset () function will return the offset inside the pattern string
QRegularExpression invalidRe("(unmatched|parenthesis"); if (!invalidRe.isValid()) { QString errorString = invalidRe.errorString(); // errorString == "missing )" int errorOffset = invalidRe.patternErrorOffset(); // errorOffset == 22 // ... }
If a match is attempted with an invalid QRegularExpression, then the returned QRegularExpressionMatch object will be invalid as well (that is, its isValid() function will return false). The same applies for attempting a global match.
QRegularExpression does not support all the features available in Perl-compatible regular expressions. The most notable one is the fact that duplicated names for capturing groups are not supported, and using them can lead to undefined behavior.
这在未来 Qt 版本可能改变。
QRegularExpression internally uses a just in time compiler (JIT) to optimize the execution of the matching algorithm. The JIT makes extensive usage of self-modifying code, which can lead debugging tools such as Valgrind to crash. You must enable all checks for self-modifying code if you want to debug programs using QRegularExpression (for instance, Valgrind's
--smc-check
command line option). The downside of enabling such checks is that your program will run considerably slower.
To avoid that, the JIT is disabled by default if you compile Qt in debug mode. It is possible to override the default and enable or disable the JIT usage (both in debug or release mode) by setting the
QT_ENABLE_REGEXP_JIT
environment variable to a non-zero or zero value respectively.
另请参阅 QRegularExpressionMatch and QRegularExpressionMatchIterator .
| 常量 | 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
QRegularExpression::NoMatchOption
|
0x0000
|
No match options are set. |
QRegularExpression::AnchoredMatchOption
|
AnchorAtOffsetMatchOption
|
Use AnchorAtOffsetMatchOption instead. |
QRegularExpression::AnchorAtOffsetMatchOption
|
0x0001
|
The match is constrained to start exactly at the offset passed to match () in order to be successful, even if the pattern string does not contain any metacharacter that anchors the match at that point. Note that passing this option does not anchor the end of the match to the end of the subject; if you want to fully anchor a regular expression, use anchoredPattern (). This enum value has been introduced in Qt 6.0. |
QRegularExpression::DontCheckSubjectStringMatchOption
|
0x0002
|
The subject string is not checked for UTF-16 validity before attempting a match. Use this option with extreme caution, as attempting to match an invalid string may crash the program and/or constitute a security issue. This enum value has been introduced in Qt 5.4. |
The MatchOptions type is a typedef for QFlags <MatchOption>. It stores an OR combination of MatchOption values.
The MatchType enum defines the type of the match that should be attempted against the subject string.
| 常量 | 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
QRegularExpression::NormalMatch
|
0
|
正常匹配完成。 |
QRegularExpression::PartialPreferCompleteMatch
|
1
|
The pattern string is matched partially against the subject string. If a partial match is found, then it is recorded, and other matching alternatives are tried as usual. If a complete match is then found, then it's preferred to the partial match; in this case only the complete match is reported. If instead no complete match is found (but only the partial one), then the partial one is reported. |
QRegularExpression::PartialPreferFirstMatch
|
2
|
The pattern string is matched partially against the subject string. If a partial match is found, then matching stops and the partial match is reported. In this case, other matching alternatives (potentially leading to a complete match) are not tried. Moreover, this match type assumes that the subject string only a substring of a larger text, and that (in this text) there are other characters beyond the end of the subject string. This can lead to surprising results; see the discussion in the 局部匹配 章节了解更多细节。 |
QRegularExpression::NoMatch
|
3
|
No matching is done. This value is returned as the match type by a default constructed QRegularExpressionMatch or QRegularExpressionMatchIterator . Using this match type is not very useful for the user, as no matching ever happens. This enum value has been introduced in Qt 5.1. |
The PatternOption enum defines modifiers to the way the pattern string should be interpreted, and therefore the way the pattern matches against a subject string.
| 常量 | 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
QRegularExpression::NoPatternOption
|
0x0000
|
No pattern options are set. |
QRegularExpression::CaseInsensitiveOption
|
0x0001
|
The pattern should match against the subject string in a case insensitive way. This option corresponds to the /i modifier in Perl regular expressions. |
QRegularExpression::DotMatchesEverythingOption
|
0x0002
|
The dot metacharacter (
.
) in the pattern string is allowed to match any character in the subject string, including newlines (normally, the dot does not match newlines). This option corresponds to the
/s
modifier in Perl regular expressions.
|
QRegularExpression::MultilineOption
|
0x0004
|
The caret (
^
) and the dollar (
$
) metacharacters in the pattern string are allowed to match, respectively, immediately after and immediately before any newline in the subject string, as well as at the very beginning and at the very end of the subject string. This option corresponds to the
/m
modifier in Perl regular expressions.
|
QRegularExpression::ExtendedPatternSyntaxOption
|
0x0008
|
Any whitespace in the pattern string which is not escaped and outside a character class is ignored. Moreover, an unescaped sharp (
#
) outside a character class causes all the following characters, until the first newline (included), to be ignored. This can be used to increase the readability of a pattern string as well as put comments inside regular expressions; this is particularly useful if the pattern string is loaded from a file or written by the user, because in C++ code it is always possible to use the rules for string literals to put comments outside the pattern string. This option corresponds to the
/x
modifier in Perl regular expressions.
|
QRegularExpression::InvertedGreedinessOption
|
0x0010
|
The greediness of the quantifiers is inverted:
*
,
+
,
?
,
{m,n}
, etc. become lazy, while their lazy versions (
*?
,
+?
,
??
,
{m,n}?
, etc.) become greedy. There is no equivalent for this option in Perl regular expressions.
|
QRegularExpression::DontCaptureOption
|
0x0020
|
The non-named capturing groups do not capture substrings; named capturing groups still work as intended, as well as the implicit capturing group number 0 corresponding to the entire match. There is no equivalent for this option in Perl regular expressions. |
QRegularExpression::UseUnicodePropertiesOption
|
0x0040
|
The meaning of the
\w
,
\d
, etc., character classes, as well as the meaning of their counterparts (
\W
,
\D
, etc.), is changed from matching ASCII characters only to matching any character with the corresponding Unicode property. For instance,
\d
is changed to match any character with the Unicode Nd (decimal digit) property;
\w
to match any character with either the Unicode L (letter) or N (digit) property, plus underscore, and so on. This option corresponds to the
/u
modifier in Perl regular expressions.
|
The PatternOptions type is a typedef for QFlags <PatternOption>. It stores an OR combination of PatternOption values.
[since 6.0]
enum QRegularExpression::
WildcardConversionOption
The WildcardConversionOption enum defines modifiers to the way a wildcard glob pattern gets converted to a regular expression pattern.
| 常量 | 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
QRegularExpression::DefaultWildcardConversion
|
0x0
|
No conversion options are set. |
QRegularExpression::UnanchoredWildcardConversion
|
0x1
|
The conversion will not anchor the pattern. This allows for partial string matches of wildcard expressions. |
该枚举在 Qt 6.0 引入 (或被修改)。
The WildcardConversionOptions type is a typedef for QFlags <WildcardConversionOption>. It stores an OR combination of WildcardConversionOption values.
[since 6.1]
QRegularExpression::
QRegularExpression
(
QRegularExpression
&&
re
)
Constructs a QRegularExpression object by moving from re .
Note that a moved-from QRegularExpression can only be destroyed or assigned to. The effect of calling other functions than the destructor or one of the assignment operators is undefined.
该函数在 Qt 6.1 引入。
另请参阅 operator= ().
Constructs a QRegularExpression object as a copy of re .
另请参阅 operator= ().
Constructs a QRegularExpression object using the given pattern as pattern and the options as the pattern options.
另请参阅 setPattern () 和 setPatternOptions ().
Constructs a QRegularExpression object with an empty pattern and no pattern options.
另请参阅 setPattern () 和 setPatternOptions ().
Move-assigns the regular expression re to this object, and returns a reference to the result. Both the pattern and the pattern options are copied.
Note that a moved-from QRegularExpression can only be destroyed or assigned to. The effect of calling other functions than the destructor or one of the assignment operators is undefined.
Assigns the regular expression re to this object, and returns a reference to the copy. Both the pattern and the pattern options are copied.
销毁 QRegularExpression 对象。
[static, since 5.15]
QString
QRegularExpression::
anchoredPattern
(
QStringView
表达式
)
返回
表达式
被包裹介于
\A
and
\z
锚点 (用于准确匹配)。
该函数在 Qt 5.15 引入。
[static, since 5.12]
QString
QRegularExpression::
anchoredPattern
(const
QString
&
表达式
)
这是重载函数。
该函数在 Qt 5.12 引入。
返回模式字符串内的捕获组数，或 -1 若正则表达式无效。
注意： 隐式捕获组 0 not 包括在返回数中。
另请参阅 isValid ().
Returns a textual description of the error found when checking the validity of the regular expression, or "no error" if no error was found.
另请参阅 isValid () 和 patternErrorOffset ().
[static, since 5.15]
QString
QRegularExpression::
escape
(
QStringView
str
)
Escapes all characters of str so that they no longer have any special meaning when used as a regular expression pattern string, and returns the escaped string. For instance:
QString escaped = QRegularExpression::escape("a(x) = f(x) + g(x)"); // escaped == "a\\(x\\)\\ \\=\\ f\\(x\\)\\ \\+\\ g\\(x\\)"
This is very convenient in order to build patterns from arbitrary strings:
QString pattern = "(" + QRegularExpression::escape(name) + "|" + QRegularExpression::escape(nickname) + ")"; QRegularExpression re(pattern);
注意：
This function implements Perl's quotemeta algorithm and escapes with a backslash all characters in
str
, except for the characters in the
[A-Z]
,
[a-z]
and
[0-9]
ranges, as well as the underscore (
_
) character. The only difference with Perl is that a literal NUL inside
str
is escaped with the sequence
"\\0"
(backslash +
'0'
), instead of
"\\\0"
(backslash +
NUL
).
该函数在 Qt 5.15 引入。
[static]
QString
QRegularExpression::
escape
(const
QString
&
str
)
这是重载函数。
[static, since 6.0]
QRegularExpression
QRegularExpression::
fromWildcard
(
QStringView
pattern
,
Qt::CaseSensitivity
cs
= Qt::CaseInsensitive,
QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions
options
= DefaultWildcardConversion)
返回正则表达式为全局模式 pattern 。正则表达式将区分大小写若 cs is Qt::CaseSensitive , and converted according to options .
相当于
auto reOptions = cs == Qt::CaseSensitive ? QRegularExpression::NoPatternOption : QRegularExpression::CaseInsensitiveOption; return QRegularExpression(wildcardToRegularExpression(str, options), reOptions);
该函数在 Qt 6.0 引入。
试图履行正则表达式全局匹配针对给定 subject 字符串，起始于位置 offset 在主题中，使用匹配类型 matchType 且尊重给定 matchOptions .
返回的 QRegularExpressionMatchIterator 位于第 1 匹配结果 (若有的话) 之前。
注意： The data referenced by subject should remain valid as long as there are QRegularExpressionMatch objects using it. At the moment Qt makes a (shallow) copy of the data, but this behavior may change in a future version of Qt.
另请参阅 QRegularExpressionMatchIterator and 全局匹配 .
[since 6.0]
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator
QRegularExpression::
globalMatch
(
QStringView
subjectView
,
qsizetype
offset
= 0,
QRegularExpression::MatchType
matchType
= NormalMatch,
QRegularExpression::MatchOptions
matchOptions
= NoMatchOption) const
这是重载函数。
试图履行正则表达式全局匹配针对给定 subjectView 字符串视图，始于位置 offset 在主题中，使用匹配类型 matchType 且尊重给定 matchOptions .
返回的 QRegularExpressionMatchIterator 位于第 1 匹配结果 (若有的话) 之前。
注意： The data referenced by subjectView must remain valid as long as there are QRegularExpressionMatchIterator or QRegularExpressionMatch objects using it.
该函数在 Qt 6.0 引入。
另请参阅 QRegularExpressionMatchIterator and 全局匹配 .
返回
true
if the regular expression is a valid regular expression (that is, it contains no syntax errors, etc.), or false otherwise. Use
errorString
() to obtain a textual description of the error.
另请参阅 errorString () 和 patternErrorOffset ().
试图匹配正则表达式针对给定 subject 字符串，起始于位置 offset 在主题中，使用匹配类型 matchType 且尊重给定 matchOptions .
返回的 QRegularExpressionMatch 对象包含匹配结果。
注意： The data referenced by subject should remain valid as long as there are QRegularExpressionMatch objects using it. At the moment Qt makes a (shallow) copy of the data, but this behavior may change in a future version of Qt.
另请参阅 QRegularExpressionMatch and 正常匹配 .
[since 6.0]
QRegularExpressionMatch
QRegularExpression::
match
(
QStringView
subjectView
,
qsizetype
offset
= 0,
QRegularExpression::MatchType
matchType
= NormalMatch,
QRegularExpression::MatchOptions
matchOptions
= NoMatchOption) const
这是重载函数。
试图匹配正则表达式针对给定 subjectView 字符串视图，始于位置 offset 在主题中，使用匹配类型 matchType 且尊重给定 matchOptions .
返回的 QRegularExpressionMatch 对象包含匹配结果。
注意： The data referenced by subjectView must remain valid as long as there are QRegularExpressionMatch objects using it.
该函数在 Qt 6.0 引入。
另请参阅 QRegularExpressionMatch and 正常匹配 .
[since 5.1]
QStringList
QRegularExpression::
namedCaptureGroups
() const
Returns a list of
captureCount
() + 1 elements, containing the names of the named capturing groups in the pattern string. The list is sorted such that the element of the list at position
i
is the name of the
i
-th capturing group, if it has a name, or an empty string if that capturing group is unnamed.
For instance, given the regular expression
(?<day>\d\d)-(?<month>\d\d)-(?<year>\d\d\d\d) (\w+) (?<name>\w+)
namedCaptureGroups() will return the following list:
("", "day", "month", "year", "", "name")
which corresponds to the fact that the capturing group #0 (corresponding to the whole match) has no name, the capturing group #1 has name "day", the capturing group #2 has name "month", etc.
If the regular expression is not valid, returns an empty list.
该函数在 Qt 5.1 引入。
另请参阅 isValid (), QRegularExpressionMatch::captured ()，和 QString::isEmpty ().
[since 5.4]
void
QRegularExpression::
optimize
() const
Compiles the pattern immediately, including JIT compiling it (if the JIT is enabled) for optimization.
该函数在 Qt 5.4 引入。
另请参阅 isValid () 和 使用 QRegularExpression 调试代码 .
返回正则表达式的模式字符串。
另请参阅 setPattern () 和 patternOptions ().
Returns the offset, inside the pattern string, at which an error was found when checking the validity of the regular expression. If no error was found, then -1 is returned.
另请参阅 pattern (), isValid ()，和 errorString ().
Returns the pattern options for the regular expression.
另请参阅 setPatternOptions () 和 pattern ().
Sets the pattern string of the regular expression to pattern . The pattern options are left unchanged.
另请参阅 pattern () 和 setPatternOptions ().
设置给定 options as the pattern options of the regular expression. The pattern string is left unchanged.
另请参阅 patternOptions () 和 setPattern ().
Swaps the regular expression other with this regular expression. This operation is very fast and never fails.
[static, since 5.15]
QString
QRegularExpression::
wildcardToRegularExpression
(
QStringView
pattern
,
QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions
options
= DefaultWildcardConversion)
Returns a regular expression representation of the given glob pattern . The transformation is targeting file path globbing, which means in particular that path separators receive special treatment. This implies that it is not just a basic translation from "*" to ".*".
QString wildcard = QRegularExpression::wildcardToRegularExpression("*.jpeg"); // Will match files with names like: // foo.jpeg // f_o_o.jpeg // föö.jpeg
By default, the returned regular expression is fully anchored. In other words, there is no need of calling anchoredPattern () again on the result. To get an a regular expression that is not anchored, pass UnanchoredWildcardConversion as the conversion options .
This implementation follows closely the definition of wildcard for glob patterns:
| c | Any character represents itself apart from those mentioned below. Thus c 匹配字符 c . |
| ? | Matches any single character. It is the same as . in full regexps. |
| * | Matches zero or more of any characters. It is the same as .* in full regexps. |
| [abc] | Matches one character given in the bracket. |
| [a-c] | Matches one character from the range given in the bracket. |
| [!abc] | Matches one character that is not given in the bracket. It is the same as [^abc] in full regexp. |
| [!a-c] | Matches one character that is not from the range given in the bracket. It is the same as [^a-c] in full regexp. |
注意：
The backslash (\) character is
not
an escape char in this context. In order to match one of the special characters, place it in square brackets (for example,
[?]
).
More information about the implementation can be found in:
man 7 glob
该函数在 Qt 5.15 引入。
另请参阅 escape ().
[static, since 5.12]
QString
QRegularExpression::
wildcardToRegularExpression
(const
QString
&
pattern
,
QRegularExpression::WildcardConversionOptions
options
= DefaultWildcardConversion)
这是重载函数。
该函数在 Qt 5.12 引入。
返回
true
若正则表达式不同于
re
，或 false 否则。
另请参阅 operator== ().
返回
true
若正则表达式等于
re
，或 false 否则。两
QRegularExpression
objects are equal if they have the same pattern string and the same pattern options.
另请参阅 operator!= ().
[since 5.6]
size_t
qHash
(const
QRegularExpression
&
key
,
size_t
seed
= 0)
返回哈希值为 key ，使用 seed 做计算种子。
该函数在 Qt 5.6 引入。
写入正则表达式 re 到流 out .
另请参阅 序列化 Qt 数据类型 .
写入正则表达式 re 到 debug 对象 debug 为调试目的。
另请参阅 调试技术 .
写入模式选项 patternOptions 到 debug 对象 debug 为调试目的。
另请参阅 调试技术 .
读取正则表达式从流 in into re .
另请参阅 序列化 Qt 数据类型 .