QCborStreamWriter 类是操作单向流的简单 CBOR 编码器。 更多...
| 头： | #include <QCborStreamWriter> |
| CMake: |
find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS Core REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core) |
| qmake: | QT += core |
| Since: | Qt 5.12 |
注意： 此类的所有函数 可重入 .
| QCborStreamWriter (QByteArray * data ) | |
| QCborStreamWriter (QIODevice * device ) | |
| ~QCborStreamWriter () | |
| void | append (quint64 u ) |
| void | append (qint64 i ) |
| void | append (QCborNegativeInteger n ) |
| void | append (const QByteArray & ba ) |
| void | append (QLatin1String str ) |
| void | append (QStringView str ) |
| void | append (QCborTag tag ) |
| void | append (QCborKnownTags tag ) |
| void | append (QCborSimpleType st ) |
| void | append (std::nullptr_t) |
| void | append (qfloat16 f ) |
| void | append (float f ) |
| void | append (double d ) |
| void | append (bool b ) |
| void | append (const char * str , qsizetype size = -1) |
| void | appendByteString (const char * data , qsizetype len ) |
| void | appendNull () |
| void | appendTextString (const char * utf8 , qsizetype len ) |
| void | appendUndefined () |
| QIODevice * | device () const |
| bool | endArray () |
| bool | endMap () |
| void | setDevice (QIODevice * device ) |
| void | startArray () |
| void | startArray (quint64 count ) |
| void | startMap () |
| void | startMap (quint64 count ) |
This class can be used to quickly encode a stream of CBOR content directly to either a QByteArray or QIODevice . CBOR is the Concise Binary Object Representation, a very compact form of binary data encoding that is compatible with JSON. It was created by the IETF Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) WG, which has used it in many new RFCs. It is meant to be used alongside the CoAP protocol .
QCborStreamWriter provides a StAX-like API, similar to that of QXmlStreamWriter . It is rather low-level and requires a bit of knowledge of CBOR encoding. For a simpler API, see QCborValue and especially the encoding function QCborValue::toCbor ().
The typical use of QCborStreamWriter is to create the object on the target QByteArray or QIODevice , then call one of the append () overloads with the desired type to be encoded. To create arrays and maps, QCborStreamWriter provides startArray () 和 startMap () overloads, which must be terminated by the corresponding endArray () 和 endMap () 函数。
The following example encodes the equivalent of this JSON content:
{ "label": "journald", "autoDetect": false, "condition": "libs.journald", "output": [ "privateFeature" ] }
writer.startMap(4); // 4 elements in the map writer.append(QLatin1String("label")); writer.append(QLatin1String("journald")); writer.append(QLatin1String("autoDetect")); writer.append(false); writer.append(QLatin1String("condition")); writer.append(QLatin1String("libs.journald")); writer.append(QLatin1String("output")); writer.startArray(1); writer.append(QLatin1String("privateFeature")); writer.endArray(); writer.endMap();
QCborStreamWriter 支持创建典型和严格流所需的所有 CBOR 特征。它几乎实现了所有指定特征，在 RFC 7049 .
下表列出了 QCborStreamWriter 支持的 CBOR 特征。
| 特征 | 支持 |
|---|---|
| 无符号数字 | Yes (full range) |
| 负数 | Yes (full range) |
| 字节字符串 | Yes |
| Text strings | Yes |
| Chunked strings | No |
| Tags | Yes (arbitrary) |
| Booleans | Yes |
| Null | Yes |
| Undefined | Yes |
| Arbitrary simple values | Yes |
| Half-precision float (16-bit) | Yes |
| Single-precision float (32-bit) | Yes |
| Double-precision float (64-bit) | Yes |
| Infinities and NaN floating point | Yes |
| Determinate-length arrays and maps | Yes |
| Indeterminate-length arrays and maps | Yes |
| Map key types other than strings and integers | Yes (arbitrary) |
Canonical CBOR encoding is defined by Section 3.9 of RFC 7049 . Canonical encoding is not a requirement for Qt's CBOR decoding functionality, but it may be required for some protocols. In particular, protocols that require the ability to reproduce the same stream identically may require this.
In order to be considered "canonical", a CBOR stream must meet the following requirements:
Strict mode is defined by Section 3.10 of RFC 7049 . As for Canonical encoding above, QCborStreamWriter makes it possible to create strict CBOR streams, but does not require them or validate that the output is so.
It is also possible to misuse QCborStreamWriter and produce invalid CBOR streams that will fail to be decoded by a receiver. The following actions will produce invalid streams:
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader , QCborValue ，和 QXmlStreamWriter .
Creates a QCborStreamWriter object that will append the stream to data . All streaming is done immediately to the byte array, without the need for flushing any buffers.
The following example writes a number to a byte array then returns it.
QByteArray encodedNumber(qint64 value) { QByteArray ba; QCborStreamWriter writer(&ba); writer.append(value); return ba; }
QCborStreamWriter does not take ownership of data .
Creates a QCborStreamWriter object that will write the stream to device . The device must be opened before the first append () call is made. This constructor can be used with any class that derives from QIODevice ，譬如 QFile , QProcess or QTcpSocket .
QCborStreamWriter has no buffering, so every append () call will result in one or more calls to the device's write() 方法。
The following example writes an empty map to a file:
QFile f("output", QIODevice::WriteOnly); QCborStreamWriter writer(&f); writer.startMap(0); writer.endMap();
QCborStreamWriter does not take ownership of device .
另请参阅 device () 和 setDevice ().
销毁此 QCborStreamWriter object and frees any resources associated.
QCborStreamWriter does not perform error checking to see if all required items were written to the stream prior to the object being destroyed. It is the programmer's responsibility to ensure that it was done.
这是重载函数。
Appends the 64-bit unsigned value
u
to the CBOR stream, creating a CBOR Unsigned Integer value. In the following example, we write the values 0, 2
32
and
UINT64_MAX
:
writer.append(0U); writer.append(Q_UINT64_C(4294967296)); writer.append(std::numeric_limits<quint64>::max());
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isUnsignedInteger () 和 QCborStreamReader::toUnsignedInteger ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the 64-bit signed value
i
to the CBOR stream. This will create either a CBOR Unsigned Integer or CBOR NegativeInteger value based on the sign of the parameter. In the following example, we write the values 0, -1, 2
32
and
INT64_MAX
:
writer.append(0); writer.append(-1); writer.append(Q_INT64_C(4294967296)); writer.append(std::numeric_limits<qint64>::max());
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isInteger () 和 QCborStreamReader::toInteger ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the 64-bit negative value n to the CBOR stream. QCborNegativeInteger is a 64-bit enum that holds the absolute value of the negative number we want to write. If n is zero, the value written will be equivalent to 2 64 (that is, -18,446,744,073,709,551,616).
In the following example, we write the values -1, -2 32 and INT64_MIN:
writer.append(QCborNegativeInteger(1)); writer.append(QCborNegativeInteger(Q_INT64_C(4294967296))); writer.append(QCborNegativeInteger(-quint64(std::numeric_limits<qint64>::min())));
Note how this function can be used to encode numbers that cannot fit a standard computer's 64-bit signed integer like
qint64
. That is, if
n
>
std::numeric_limits<qint64>::max()
or is 0, this will represent a negative number smaller than
std::numeric_limits<qint64>::min()
.
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isNegativeInteger () 和 QCborStreamReader::toNegativeInteger ().
这是重载函数。
追加字节数组 ba to the stream, creating a CBOR Byte String value. QCborStreamWriter will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk.
The following example will load and append the contents of a file to the stream:
void writeFile(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QString &fileName) { QFile f(fileName); if (f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) writer.append(f.readAll()); }
As the example shows, unlike JSON, CBOR requires no escaping for binary content.
另请参阅 appendByteString (), QCborStreamReader::isByteArray ()，和 QCborStreamReader::readByteArray ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the text string str to the stream, creating a CBOR Text String value. QCborStreamWriter will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk.
The following example appends a simple string to the stream:
writer.append(QLatin1String("Hello, World"));
Performance note : CBOR requires that all Text Strings be encoded in UTF-8, so this function will iterate over the characters in the string to determine whether the contents are US-ASCII or not. If the string is found to contain characters outside of US-ASCII, it will allocate memory and convert to UTF-8. If this check is unnecessary, use appendTextString () 代替。
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isString () 和 QCborStreamReader::readString ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the text string str to the stream, creating a CBOR Text String value. QCborStreamWriter will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk.
The following example writes an arbitrary QString to the stream:
void writeString(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QString &str) { writer.append(str); }
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isString () 和 QCborStreamReader::readString ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the CBOR tag tag to the stream, creating a CBOR Tag value. All tags must be followed by another type which they provide meaning for.
In the following example, we append a CBOR Tag 36 (Regular Expression) and a QRegularExpression 's pattern to the stream:
void writeRxPattern(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QRegularExpression &rx) { writer.append(QCborTag(36)); writer.append(rx.pattern()); }
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isTag () 和 QCborStreamReader::toTag ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the CBOR tag tag to the stream, creating a CBOR Tag value. All tags must be followed by another type which they provide meaning for.
In the following example, we append a CBOR Tag 1 (Unix
time_t
) and an integer representing the current time to the stream, obtained using the
time()
函数：
void writeCurrentTime(QCborStreamWriter &writer) { writer.append(QCborKnownTags::UnixTime_t); writer.append(time(nullptr)); }
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isTag () 和 QCborStreamReader::toTag ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the CBOR simple type st to the stream, creating a CBOR Simple Type value. In the following example, we write the simple type for Null as well as for type 32, which Qt has no support for.
writer.append(QCborSimpleType::Null); writer.append(QCborSimpleType(32));
注意： Using Simple Types for which there is no specification can lead to validation errors by the remote receiver. In addition, simple type values 24 through 31 (inclusive) are reserved and must not be used.
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isSimpleType () 和 QCborStreamReader::toSimpleType ().
这是重载函数。
Appends a CBOR Null value to the stream. This function is equivalent to (and implemented as): The parameter is ignored.
writer.append(QCborSimpleType::Null);
另请参阅 appendNull (), append (QCborSimpleType), and QCborStreamReader::isNull ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the floating point number
f
to the stream, creating a CBOR 16-bit Half-Precision Floating Point value. The following code can be used to convert a C++
float
to
qfloat16
if there's no loss of precision and append it, or instead append the
float
.
void writeFloat(QCborStreamWriter &writer, float f) { qfloat16 f16 = f; if (qIsNaN(f) || f16 == f) writer.append(f16); else writer.append(f); }
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isFloat16 () 和 QCborStreamReader::toFloat16 ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the floating point number
f
to the stream, creating a CBOR 32-bit Single-Precision Floating Point value. The following code can be used to convert a C++
double
to
float
if there's no loss of precision and append it, or instead append the
double
.
void writeFloat(QCborStreamWriter &writer, double d) { float f = d; if (qIsNaN(d) || d == f) writer.append(f); else writer.append(d); }
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isFloat () 和 QCborStreamReader::toFloat ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the floating point number d to the stream, creating a CBOR 64-bit Double-Precision Floating Point value. QCborStreamWriter always appends the number as-is, performing no check for whether the number is the canonical form for NaN, an infinite, whether it is denormal or if it could be written with a shorter format.
The following code performs all those checks, except for the denormal one, which is expected to be taken into account by the system FPU or floating point emulation directly.
void writeDouble(QCborStreamWriter &writer, double d) { float f; if (qIsNaN(d)) { writer.append(qfloat16(qQNaN())); } else if (qIsInf(d)) { writer.append(d < 0 ? -qInf() : qInf()); } else if ((f = d) == d) { qfloat16 f16 = f; if (f16 == f) writer.append(f16); else writer.append(f); } else { writer.append(d); } }
Determining if a double can be converted to an integral with no loss of precision is left as an exercise to the reader.
另请参阅 QCborStreamReader::isDouble () 和 QCborStreamReader::toDouble ().
这是重载函数。
Appends the boolean value b to the stream, creating either a CBOR False value or a CBOR True value. This function is equivalent to (and implemented as):
writer.append(b ? QCborSimpleType::True : QCborSimpleType::False);
另请参阅 appendNull (), appendUndefined (), QCborStreamReader::isBool ()，和 QCborStreamReader::toBool ().
这是重载函数。
追加
size
bytes of text starting from
str
to the stream, creating a CBOR Text String value.
QCborStreamWriter
will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk. If
size
is -1, this function will write
strlen(\a str)
字节。
The string pointed to by str is expected to be properly encoded UTF-8. QCborStreamWriter performs no validation that this is the case.
不像 QLatin1String overload of append(), this function is not limited to 2 GB. However, note that neither QCborStreamReader nor QCborValue support reading CBOR streams with text strings larger than 2 GB.
另请参阅 append (QLatin1String), append (QStringView), QCborStreamReader::isString ()，和 QCborStreamReader::readString ().
追加 len bytes of data starting from data to the stream, creating a CBOR Byte String value. QCborStreamWriter will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk.
不像 QByteArray overload of append (), this function is not limited by QByteArray 's size limits. However, note that neither QCborStreamReader::readByteArray () 或 QCborValue support reading CBOR streams with byte arrays larger than 2 GB.
另请参阅 append (), appendTextString (), QCborStreamReader::isByteArray ()，和 QCborStreamReader::readByteArray ().
Appends a CBOR Null value to the stream. This function is equivalent to (and implemented as):
writer.append(QCborSimpleType::Null);
另请参阅 append (std::nullptr_t), append (QCborSimpleType), and QCborStreamReader::isNull ().
追加 len bytes of text starting from utf8 to the stream, creating a CBOR Text String value. QCborStreamWriter will attempt to write the entire string in one chunk.
The string pointed to by utf8 is expected to be properly encoded UTF-8. QCborStreamWriter performs no validation that this is the case.
不像 QLatin1String overload of append (), this function is not limited to 2 GB. However, note that neither QCborStreamReader::readString () 或 QCborValue support reading CBOR streams with text strings larger than 2 GB.
另请参阅 append (QLatin1String), append (QStringView), QCborStreamReader::isString ()，和 QCborStreamReader::readString ().
Appends a CBOR Undefined value to the stream. This function is equivalent to (and implemented as):
writer.append(QCborSimpleType::Undefined);
另请参阅 append (QCborSimpleType) and QCborStreamReader::isUndefined ().
返回 QIODevice that this QCborStreamWriter object is writing to. The device must have previously been set with either the constructor or with setDevice ().
If this object was created by writing to a QByteArray , this function will return an internal instance of QBuffer , which is owned by QCborStreamWriter .
另请参阅 setDevice ().
Terminates the array started by either overload of startArray () and returns true if the correct number of elements was added to the array. This function must be called for every startArray () used.
A return of false indicates error in the application and an unrecoverable error in this stream. QCborStreamWriter also writes a warning using qWarning () if that happens.
Calling this function when the current container is not an array is also an error, though QCborStreamWriter cannot currently detect this condition.
另请参阅 startArray (), startArray (quint64), and endMap ().
Terminates the map started by either overload of startMap () and returns true if the correct number of elements was added to the array. This function must be called for every startMap () used.
A return of false indicates error in the application and an unrecoverable error in this stream. QCborStreamWriter also writes a warning using qWarning () if that happens.
Calling this function when the current container is not a map is also an error, though QCborStreamWriter cannot currently detect this condition.
另请参阅 startMap (), startMap (quint64), and endArray ().
Replaces the device or byte array that this QCborStreamWriter object is writing to with device .
另请参阅 device ().
Starts a CBOR Array with indeterminate length in the CBOR stream. Each startArray() call must be paired with one endArray () call and the current CBOR element extends until the end of the array.
The array created by this function has no explicit length. Instead, its length is implied by the elements contained in it. Note, however, that use of indeterminate-length arrays is not compliant with canonical CBOR encoding.
The following example appends elements from the list of strings passed as input:
void appendList(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QList<QString> &values) { writer.startArray(); for (const QString &s : values) writer.append(s); writer.endArray(); }
另请参阅 startArray (quint64), endArray (), startMap (), QCborStreamReader::isArray ()，和 QCborStreamReader::isLengthKnown ().
这是重载函数。
Starts a CBOR Array with explicit length of count items in the CBOR stream. Each startArray call must be paired with one endArray () call and the current CBOR element extends until the end of the array.
The array created by this function has an explicit length and therefore exactly count items must be added to the CBOR stream. Adding fewer or more items will result in failure during endArray () and the CBOR stream will be corrupt. However, explicit-length arrays are required by canonical CBOR encoding.
The following example appends all strings found in the QStringList passed as input:
void appendList(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QStringList &list) { writer.startArray(list.size()); for (const QString &s : list) writer.append(s); writer.endArray(); }
Size limitations : The parameter to this function is quint64, which would seem to allow up to 2 64 -1 elements in the array. However, both QCborStreamWriter and QCborStreamReader are currently limited to 2 32 -2 items on 32-bit systems and 2 64 -2 items on 64-bit ones. Also note that QCborArray is currently limited to 2 27 elements in any platform.
另请参阅 startArray (), endArray (), startMap (), QCborStreamReader::isArray ()，和 QCborStreamReader::isLengthKnown ().
Starts a CBOR Map with indeterminate length in the CBOR stream. Each startMap() call must be paired with one endMap () call and the current CBOR element extends until the end of the map.
The map created by this function has no explicit length. Instead, its length is implied by the elements contained in it. Note, however, that use of indeterminate-length maps is not compliant with canonical CBOR encoding (canonical encoding also requires keys to be unique and in sorted order).
The following example appends elements from the list of int and string pairs passed as input:
void appendMap(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QList<QPair<int, QString>> &values) { writer.startMap(); for (const auto pair : values) { writer.append(pair.first) writer.append(pair.second); } writer.endMap(); }
另请参阅 startMap (quint64), endMap (), startArray (), QCborStreamReader::isMap ()，和 QCborStreamReader::isLengthKnown ().
这是重载函数。
Starts a CBOR Map with explicit length of count items in the CBOR stream. Each startMap call must be paired with one endMap () call and the current CBOR element extends until the end of the map.
The map created by this function has an explicit length and therefore exactly count pairs of items must be added to the CBOR stream. Adding fewer or more items will result in failure during endMap () and the CBOR stream will be corrupt. However, explicit-length map are required by canonical CBOR encoding.
The following example appends all strings found in the QMap passed as input:
void appendMap(QCborStreamWriter &writer, const QMap<int, QString> &map) { writer.startMap(map.size()); for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it) { writer.append(it.key()); writer.append(it.value()); } writer.endMap(); }
Size limitations : The parameter to this function is quint64, which would seem to allow up to 2 64 -1 pairs in the map. However, both QCborStreamWriter and QCborStreamReader are currently limited to 2 31 -1 items on 32-bit systems and 2 63 -1 items on 64-bit ones. Also note that QCborMap is currently limited to 2 26 elements in any platform.
另请参阅 startMap (), endMap (), startArray (), QCborStreamReader::isMap ()，和 QCborStreamReader::isLengthKnown ().
