Weather Info

The Weather Info example shows how to use the user's current position to retrieve local content from a web service in a C++ plugin for Qt Quick ，使用 Qt Positioning .

Key Qt Positioning 类被用于此范例：

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Weather Data Providers

The example uses several unrelated weather data providers:

The provider to be used is selected automatically at runtime and can be changed if the selected provider is not available. However, it can't be specified manually.

注意： Free plans are used for all providers, which implies certain limitations on the amount of weather requests. If the limits are exceeded, the providers become temporary unavailable. When all providers are unavailable, the application would not be able to show any weather information. In this case it is required to wait until at least one of the providers becomes available again.

Application Data Models

The key part of this example is the application's data model, contained in the WeatherData and AppModel 类。 WeatherData represents the weather information taken from the HTTP service. It is a simple data class, but we use Q_PROPERTY to expose it nicely to QML later. It also uses QML_ANONYMOUS macro, which makes it recognized in QML.

class WeatherData : public QObject {
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(QString dayOfWeek
               READ dayOfWeek WRITE setDayOfWeek
               NOTIFY dataChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString weatherIcon
               READ weatherIcon WRITE setWeatherIcon
               NOTIFY dataChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString weatherDescription
               READ weatherDescription WRITE setWeatherDescription
               NOTIFY dataChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString temperature
               READ temperature WRITE setTemperature
               NOTIFY dataChanged)
    QML_ANONYMOUS
public:
    explicit WeatherData(QObject *parent = 0);
    WeatherData(const WeatherData &other);
    WeatherData(const WeatherInfo &other);
    QString dayOfWeek() const;
    QString weatherIcon() const;
    QString weatherDescription() const;
    QString temperature() const;
    void setDayOfWeek(const QString &value);
    void setWeatherIcon(const QString &value);
    void setWeatherDescription(const QString &value);
    void setTemperature(const QString &value);
signals:
    void dataChanged();
};

AppModel models the state of the entire application. At startup, we get the platform's default position source using QGeoPositionInfoSource::createDefaultSource ().

AppModel::AppModel(QObject *parent) :
        QObject(parent),
        d(new AppModelPrivate)
{
    d->src = QGeoPositionInfoSource::createDefaultSource(this);
    if (d->src) {
        d->useGps = true;
        connect(d->src, &QGeoPositionInfoSource::positionUpdated,
                this, &AppModel::positionUpdated);
        connect(d->src, &QGeoPositionInfoSource::errorOccurred,
                this, &AppModel::positionError);
#if QT_CONFIG(permissions)
        QLocationPermission permission;
        permission.setAccuracy(QLocationPermission::Precise);
        permission.setAvailability(QLocationPermission::WhenInUse);
        switch (qApp->checkPermission(permission)) {
        case Qt::PermissionStatus::Undetermined:
            qApp->requestPermission(permission, [this] (const QPermission& permission) {
                if (permission.status() == Qt::PermissionStatus::Granted)
                    d->src->startUpdates();
                else
                    positionError(QGeoPositionInfoSource::AccessError);
            });
            break;
        case Qt::PermissionStatus::Denied:
            qWarning("Location permission is denied");
            positionError(QGeoPositionInfoSource::AccessError);
            break;
        case Qt::PermissionStatus::Granted:
            d->src->startUpdates();
            break;
        }
#else
        d->src->startUpdates();
#endif
    } else {
        d->useGps = false;
        d->city = "Brisbane";
        emit cityChanged();
        requestWeatherByCity();
    }
    QTimer *refreshTimer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(refreshTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &AppModel::refreshWeather);
    using namespace std::chrono;
    refreshTimer->start(60s);
}

If no default source is available, we take a static position and fetch weather for that. If, however, we do have a position source, we connect its positionUpdated () signal to a slot on the AppModel 和调用 startUpdates (), which begins regular updates of device position.

When a position update is received, we use the longitude and latitude of the returned coordinate to retrieve weather data for the specified location.

void AppModel::positionUpdated(QGeoPositionInfo gpsPos)
{
    d->coord = gpsPos.coordinate();
    if (!d->useGps)
        return;
    requestWeatherByCoordinates();
}

To inform the UI about this process, the cityChanged() signal is emitted when a new city is used, and the weatherChanged() signal whenever a weather update occurs.

The model also uses QML_ELEMENT macro, which makes it available in QML.

class AppModel : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(bool ready
               READ ready
               NOTIFY readyChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(bool hasSource
               READ hasSource
               NOTIFY readyChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(bool hasValidCity
               READ hasValidCity
               NOTIFY cityChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(bool hasValidWeather
               READ hasValidWeather
               NOTIFY weatherChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(bool useGps
               READ useGps WRITE setUseGps
               NOTIFY useGpsChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString city
               READ city WRITE setCity
               NOTIFY cityChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(WeatherData *weather
               READ weather
               NOTIFY weatherChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(QQmlListProperty<WeatherData> forecast
               READ forecast
               NOTIFY weatherChanged)
    QML_ELEMENT
public:
    explicit AppModel(QObject *parent = 0);
    ~AppModel();
    bool ready() const;
    bool hasSource() const;
    bool useGps() const;
    bool hasValidCity() const;
    bool hasValidWeather() const;
    void setUseGps(bool value);
    QString city() const;
    void setCity(const QString &value);
    WeatherData *weather() const;
    QQmlListProperty<WeatherData> forecast() const;
public slots:
    Q_INVOKABLE void refreshWeather();
signals:
    void readyChanged();
    void useGpsChanged();
    void cityChanged();
    void weatherChanged();
};

使用 QQmlListProperty for the weather forecast information, which contains the weather forecast for the next days (the number of days is provider-specific). This makes it easy to access the forecast from QML.

Expose Custom Models to QML

To expose the models to the QML UI layer, we use the QML_ELEMENT and QML_ANONYMOUS macros. See the QQmlEngine class description for more details on these macros.

To make the types available in QML, we need to update our build accordingly.

CMake 构建

For a CMake-based build, we need to add the following to the CMakeLists.txt :

qt_add_qml_module(weatherinfo
    URI Weather
    VERSION 1.0
    SOURCES
        appmodel.cpp appmodel.h
        openmeteobackend.cpp openmeteobackend.h
        openweathermapbackend.cpp openweathermapbackend.h
        providerbackend.cpp providerbackend.h
        weatherapibackend.cpp weatherapibackend.h
    QML_FILES
        BigForecastIcon.qml
        ForecastIcon.qml
        WeatherIcon.qml
        WeatherInfo.qml
    RESOURCES
        icons/weather-few-clouds.svg
        icons/weather-fog.svg
        icons/weather-haze.svg
        icons/weather-icy.svg
        icons/weather-overcast.svg
        icons/weather-showers.svg
        icons/weather-sleet.svg
        icons/weather-snow.svg
        icons/weather-storm.svg
        icons/weather-sunny-very-few-clouds.svg
        icons/weather-sunny.svg
        icons/weather-thundershower.svg
        icons/weather-showers-scattered.svg
        icons/waypoint.svg
)

qmake 构建

For a qmake build, we need to modify the weatherinfo.pro file in the following way:

CONFIG += qmltypes
QML_IMPORT_NAME = Weather
QML_IMPORT_MAJOR_VERSION = 1
qml_resources.files = \
    qmldir \
    BigForecastIcon.qml \
    ForecastIcon.qml \
    WeatherIcon.qml \
    WeatherInfo.qml \
    icons/weather-few-clouds.svg \
    icons/weather-fog.svg \
    icons/weather-haze.svg \
    icons/weather-icy.svg \
    icons/weather-overcast.svg \
    icons/weather-showers.svg \
    icons/weather-showers-scattered.svg \
    icons/weather-sleet.svg \
    icons/weather-snow.svg \
    icons/weather-storm.svg \
    icons/weather-sunny-very-few-clouds.svg \
    icons/weather-sunny.svg \
    icons/weather-thundershower.svg \
    icons/waypoint.svg
qml_resources.prefix = /qt/qml/Weather
RESOURCES += qml_resources

Instantiate the Models in QML

Finally, in the actual QML, we instantiate the AppModel :

Window {
    id: window
    AppModel {
        id: appModel
        onReadyChanged: {
            if (appModel.ready)
                statesItem.state = "ready"
            else
                statesItem.state = "loading"
        }
    }
}

Once the model is instantiated like this, we can use its properties elsewhere in the QML document:

    BigForecastIcon {
        id: current
        Layout.fillWidth: true
        Layout.fillHeight: true
        weatherIcon: (appModel.hasValidWeather
                      ? appModel.weather.weatherIcon
                      : "sunny")
    }

文件和归属

The example bundles the following images from Third-Party sources:

Tango Icons	公共领域
Tango Weather Icon Pack by Darkobra	公共领域

范例工程 @ code.qt.io