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QMutex 类

QMutex 类提供在线程之间串行化访问。 更多...

头： #include <QMutex>
CMake: find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core)
target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core)
qmake: QT += core

注意： 此类的所有函数 thread-safe .

公共函数

QMutex ()
~QMutex ()
void lock ()
bool tryLock (int timeout )
bool tryLock ()
(从 6.6 起) bool tryLock (QDeadlineTimer timer )
bool try_lock ()
bool try_lock_for (std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> duration )
bool try_lock_until (std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration> timePoint )
void unlock ()

详细描述

QMutex 的目的是保护对象、数据结构或代码区间，以便每次仅有一线程可以访问它 (这类似于 Java synchronized 关键词)。通常使用互斥最好采用 QMutexLocker 因为这使之能轻松确保锁定和解锁的一致履行。

例如，假定有方法每 2 行向用户打印消息： 

int number = 6;
void method1()
{
    number *= 5;
    number /= 4;
}
void method2()
{
    number *= 3;
    number /= 2;
}

若连续调用这 2 方法，会发生以下： 

// method1()
number *= 5;        // number is now 30
number /= 4;        // number is now 7
// method2()
number *= 3;        // number is now 21
number /= 2;        // number is now 10

若从 2 线程同时调用这 2 方法，就会产生以下序列： 

// Thread 1 calls method1()
number *= 5;        // number is now 30
// Thread 2 calls method2().
//
// Most likely Thread 1 has been put to sleep by the operating
// system to allow Thread 2 to run.
number *= 3;        // number is now 90
number /= 2;        // number is now 45
// Thread 1 finishes executing.
number /= 4;        // number is now 11, instead of 10

若添加互斥，应该获得希望结果： 

QMutex mutex;
int number = 6;
void method1()
{
    mutex.lock();
    number *= 5;
    number /= 4;
    mutex.unlock();
}
void method2()
{
    mutex.lock();
    number *= 3;
    number /= 2;
    mutex.unlock();
}

那么仅一线程可以修改 编号 在任何给定时间且结果是正确的。当然，这是通俗范例，但适用于事情需要按特定序列发生的任何其它情况。

当调用 lock () 在线程中，其它线程试着调用 lock () 在同一位置将阻塞，直到线程获得锁调用 unlock ()。非阻塞替代 lock () 是 tryLock ().

QMutex 经优化在非竞争情况下很快。若互斥不被争用，就不会为它分配内存。它的构建和销毁几乎没有开销，这意味着可以将很多互斥作为其它类的一部分。

另请参阅 QRecursiveMutex , QMutexLocker , QReadWriteLock , QSemaphore ，和 QWaitCondition .

成员函数文档编制

[constexpr noexcept] QMutex:: QMutex ()

构造新的互斥。互斥是在解锁状态下创建的。

[noexcept] QMutex:: ~QMutex ()

销毁互斥。

警告： 销毁锁定互斥可能导致未定义行为。

[noexcept] void QMutex:: lock ()

Locks the mutex. If another thread has locked the mutex then this call will block until that thread has unlocked it.

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

另请参阅 unlock ().

[noexcept] bool QMutex:: tryLock ( int timeout )

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false . If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait for at most timeout milliseconds for the mutex to become available.

注意：传递负数作为 timeout 相当于调用 lock (), i.e. this function will wait forever until mutex can be locked if timeout 为负。

If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock () 在另一线程可以成功锁定它之前。

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

另请参阅 lock () 和 unlock ().

[noexcept] bool QMutex:: tryLock ()

这是重载函数。

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false .

If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock () 在另一线程可以成功锁定它之前。

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

另请参阅 lock () 和 unlock ().

[noexcept, since 6.6] bool QMutex:: tryLock ( QDeadlineTimer timer )

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false . If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait until timer expires for the mutex to become available.

If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock () 在另一线程可以成功锁定它之前。

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

该函数在 Qt 6.6 引入。

另请参阅 lock () 和 unlock ().

[noexcept] bool QMutex:: try_lock ()

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false .

提供此函数是为兼容标准库概念 Lockable 。它相当于 tryLock ().

template <typename Rep, typename Period> bool QMutex:: try_lock_for ( std::chrono::duration < Rep , Period > duration )

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false . If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait for at least duration for the mutex to become available.

Note: Passing a negative duration as the duration 相当于调用 try_lock (). This behavior differs from tryLock ().

If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock () 在另一线程可以成功锁定它之前。

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

另请参阅 lock () 和 unlock ().

template <typename Clock, typename Duration> bool QMutex:: try_lock_until ( std::chrono::time_point < Clock , Duration > timePoint )

试图锁定互斥。此函数返回 true 若获得锁；否则，返回 false . If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait at least until timePoint for the mutex to become available.

注意：传递 timePoint which has already passed is equivalent to calling try_lock (). This behavior differs from tryLock ().

If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock () 在另一线程可以成功锁定它之前。

Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread will cause a dead-lock .

另请参阅 lock () 和 unlock ().

[noexcept] void QMutex:: unlock ()

Unlocks the mutex. Attempting to unlock a mutex in a different thread to the one that locked it results in an error. Unlocking a mutex that is not locked results in undefined behavior.

另请参阅 lock ().

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