QHash 类

模板 <typename Key, typename T> 类 QHash

QHash 类是提供基于哈希表的字典的模板类。更多...

头：	#include <QHash>
CMake:	find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core) target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core)
qmake:	QT += core

注意： 此类的所有函数可重入 .

公共类型

class	const_iterator
class	iterator
class	key_iterator
	ConstIterator
	Iterator
	const_key_value_iterator
	difference_type
	key_type
	key_value_iterator
	mapped_type
	size_type

公共函数

	QHash ()
	QHash (std::initializer_list<std::pair<Key, T>> list )
	QHash (InputIterator begin , InputIterator end )
	QHash (const QHash<Key, T> & other )
	QHash (QHash<Key, T> && other )
	~QHash ()
`(从 6.4 起)` auto	asKeyValueRange () &
`(从 6.4 起)` auto	asKeyValueRange () const &
`(从 6.4 起)` auto	asKeyValueRange () &&
`(从 6.4 起)` auto	asKeyValueRange () const &&
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	begin ()
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	begin () const
qsizetype	capacity () const
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	cbegin () const
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	cend () const
void	clear ()
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	constBegin () const
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	constEnd () const
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	constFind (const Key & key ) const
QHash<Key, T>::const_key_value_iterator	constKeyValueBegin () const
QHash<Key, T>::const_key_value_iterator	constKeyValueEnd () const
bool	contains (const Key & key ) const
qsizetype	count (const Key & key ) const
qsizetype	count () const
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	emplace (const Key & key , Args &&... args )
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	emplace (Key && key , Args &&... args )
bool	empty () const
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	end ()
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	end () const
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	erase (QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator pos )
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	find (const Key & key )
QHash<Key, T>::const_iterator	find (const Key & key ) const
QHash<Key, T>::iterator	insert (const Key & key , const T & value )
void	insert (const QHash<Key, T> & other )
bool	isEmpty () const
Key	key (const T & value ) const
Key	key (const T & value , const Key & defaultKey ) const
QHash<Key, T>::key_iterator	keyBegin () const
QHash<Key, T>::key_iterator	keyEnd () const
QHash<Key, T>::key_value_iterator	keyValueBegin ()
QHash<Key, T>::const_key_value_iterator	keyValueBegin () const
QHash<Key, T>::key_value_iterator	keyValueEnd ()
QHash<Key, T>::const_key_value_iterator	keyValueEnd () const
QList<Key>	keys () const
QList<Key>	keys (const T & value ) const
float	load_factor () const
bool	remove (const Key & key )
`(since 6.1)` qsizetype	removeIf (Predicate pred )
void	reserve (qsizetype size )
qsizetype	size () const
void	squeeze ()
void	swap (QHash<Key, T> & other )
T	take (const Key & key )
T	value (const Key & key ) const
T	value (const Key & key , const T & defaultValue ) const
QList<T>	values () const
bool	operator!= (const QHash<Key, T> & other ) const
QHash<Key, T> &	operator= (const QHash<Key, T> & other )
QHash<Key, T> &	operator= (QHash<Key, T> && other )
bool	operator== (const QHash<Key, T> & other ) const
T &	operator[] (const Key & key )
const T	operator[] (const Key & key ) const

`(since 6.1)` qsizetype	erase_if (QHash<Key, T> & hash , Predicate pred )
size_t	qHash (const QUrl & url , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QStringRef & key , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QMqttTopicFilter & filter , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QSslDiffieHellmanParameters & dhparam , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QGeoLocation & location , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QMqttTopicName & name , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QOcspResponse & response , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QGeoCoordinate & coordinate , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QHash<Key, T> & key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (QPoint key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QSet<T> & key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (const QTypeRevision & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QVersionNumber & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QSslCertificate & key , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QGeoShape & shape , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (QSslEllipticCurve curve , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QSslError & key , size_t seed )
size_t	qHash (const QDateTime & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (QDate key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (QTime key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const std::pair<T1, T2> & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (char key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (uchar key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (signed char key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (ushort key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (short key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (uint key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (int key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (ulong key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (long key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (quint64 key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (qint64 key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (char8_t key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (char16_t key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (char32_t key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (wchar_t key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (float key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (double key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (long double key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QChar key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QByteArray & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QBitArray & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const QString & key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (QLatin1StringView key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHash (const T * key , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHash (std::nullptr_t key , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHashBits (const void * p , size_t len , size_t seed = 0)
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHashMulti (size_t seed , const T &... args )
`(从 6.0 起)` size_t	qHashMultiCommutative (size_t seed , const T &... args )
size_t	qHashRange (InputIterator first , InputIterator last , size_t seed = 0)
size_t	qHashRangeCommutative (InputIterator first , InputIterator last , size_t seed = 0)
QDataStream &	operator<< (QDataStream & out , const QHash<Key, T> & hash )
QDataStream &	operator>> (QDataStream & in , QHash<Key, T> & hash )

详细描述

QHash<Key, T> 是一种 Qt 一般容器类。它存储 (键，值) 对，并提供键关联值的非常快速查找。

QHash 提供的功能非常类似于 QMap 。差异：

QHash 提供了更快的查找相比 QMap 。(见算法的复杂性了解细节。)
当遍历 QMap ，项始终按 Key 排序。采用 QHash，项是任意排序的。
Key 类型对于 QMap 必须提供运算符 <()。QHash 的 Key 类型必须提供运算符 ==() 和全局哈希函数称为 qHash () (见 qHash ).

这里是 QHash 范例具有 QString 键和 int 值：

QHash<QString, int> hash;

要将 (键，值) 对插入哈希，可以使用 operator[]()：

hash["one"] = 1;
hash["three"] = 3;
hash["seven"] = 7;

This inserts the following three (key, value) pairs into the QHash: ("one", 1), ("three", 3), and ("seven", 7). Another way to insert items into the hash is to use insert ():

hash.insert("twelve", 12);

要查找值，使用 operator[]() 或 value ():

int num1 = hash["thirteen"];
int num2 = hash.value("thirteen");

If there is no item with the specified key in the hash, these functions return a 默认构造值 .

If you want to check whether the hash contains a particular key, use contains ():

int timeout = 30;
if (hash.contains("TIMEOUT"))
    timeout = hash.value("TIMEOUT");

There is also a value () overload that uses its second argument as a default value if there is no item with the specified key:

int timeout = hash.value("TIMEOUT", 30);

In general, we recommend that you use contains () 和 value () rather than operator[]() for looking up a key in a hash. The reason is that operator[]() silently inserts an item into the hash if no item exists with the same key (unless the hash is const). For example, the following code snippet will create 1000 items in memory:

// WRONG
QHash<int, QWidget *> hash;
...
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
    if (hash[i] == okButton)
        cout << "Found button at index " << i << endl;
}

要避免此问题，替换 hash[i] with hash.value(i) 在以上代码中。

Internally, QHash uses a hash table to perform lookups. This hash table automatically grows to provide fast lookups without wasting too much memory. You can still control the size of the hash table by calling reserve () if you already know approximately how many items the QHash will contain, but this isn't necessary to obtain good performance. You can also call capacity () to retrieve the hash table's size.

QHash will not shrink automatically if items are removed from the table. To minimize the memory used by the hash, call squeeze ().

If you want to navigate through all the (key, value) pairs stored in a QHash, you can use an iterator. QHash provides both Java 风格迭代器 ( QHashIterator and QMutableHashIterator ) 和 STL 样式迭代器 ( QHash::const_iterator and QHash::iterator ). Here's how to iterate over a QHash< QString , int> using a Java-style iterator:

QHashIterator<QString, int> i(hash);
while (i.hasNext()) {
    i.next();
    cout << qPrintable(i.key()) << ": " << i.value() << endl;
}

Here's the same code, but using an STL-style iterator:

for (auto i = hash.cbegin(), end = hash.cend(); i != end; ++i)
    cout << qPrintable(i.key()) << ": " << i.value() << endl;

QHash is unordered, so an iterator's sequence cannot be assumed to be predictable. If ordering by key is required, use a QMap .

A QHash allows only one value per key. If you call insert () with a key that already exists in the QHash, the previous value is erased. For example:

hash.insert("plenty", 100);
hash.insert("plenty", 2000);
// hash.value("plenty") == 2000

If you need to store multiple entries for the same key in the hash table, use QMultiHash .

If you only need to extract the values from a hash (not the keys), you can also use range-based for:

QHash<QString, int> hash;
...
for (int value : std::as_const(hash))
    cout << value << endl;

Items can be removed from the hash in several ways. One way is to call remove (); this will remove any item with the given key. Another way is to use QMutableHashIterator::remove (). In addition, you can clear the entire hash using clear ().

QHash 的键和值的数据类型必须是可赋值数据类型。例如，无法存储 QWidget 作为值；取而代之，存储 QWidget *.

哈希函数

A QHash's key type has additional requirements other than being an assignable data type: it must provide operator==(), and there must also be a hashing function that returns a hash value for an argument of the key's type.

The hashing function computes a numeric value based on a key. It can use any algorithm imaginable, as long as it always returns the same value if given the same argument. In other words, if e1 == e2 ，那么 hash(e1) == hash(e2) must hold as well. However, to obtain good performance, the hashing function should attempt to return different hash values for different keys to the largest extent possible.

A hashing function for a key type K may be provided in two different ways.

The first way is by having an overload of qHash() in K 's namespace. The qHash() function must have one of these signatures:

size_t qHash(K key, size_t seed);
size_t qHash(const K &key, size_t seed);
size_t qHash(K key);        // deprecated, do not use
size_t qHash(const K &key); // deprecated, do not use

The two-arguments overloads take an unsigned integer that should be used to seed the calculation of the hash function. This seed is provided by QHash in order to prevent a family of algorithmic complexity attacks .

注意： In Qt 6 it is possible to define a qHash() overload taking only one argument; support for this is deprecated. Starting with Qt 7, it will be mandatory to use a two-arguments overload. If both a one-argument and a two-arguments overload are defined for a key type, the latter is used by QHash (note that you can simply define a two-arguments version, and use a default value for the seed parameter).

The second way to provide a hashing function is by specializing the std::hash class for the key type K , and providing a suitable function call operator for it:

namespace std {
template <> struct hash<K>
{
    // seed is optional
    size_t operator()(const K &key, size_t seed = 0) const;
};
}

The seed argument has the same meaning as for qHash() , and may be left out.

This second way allows to reuse the same hash function between QHash and the C++ Standard Library unordered associative containers. If both a qHash() overload and a std::hash specializations are provided for a type, then the qHash() overload is preferred.

Here's a partial list of the C++ and Qt types that can serve as keys in a QHash: any integer type (char, unsigned long, etc.), any pointer type, QChar , QString ，和 QByteArray . For all of these, the <QHash> header defines a qHash () function that computes an adequate hash value. Many other Qt classes also declare a qHash overload for their type; please refer to the documentation of each class.

If you want to use other types as the key, make sure that you provide operator==() and a hash implementation.

The convenience qHashMulti () function can be used to implement qHash () for a custom type, where one usually wants to produce a hash value from multiple fields:

范例：

#ifndef EMPLOYEE_H
#define EMPLOYEE_H
class Employee
{
public:
    Employee() {}
    Employee(const QString &name, QDate dateOfBirth);
    ...
private:
    QString myName;
    QDate myDateOfBirth;
};
inline bool operator==(const Employee &e1, const Employee &e2)
{
    return e1.name() == e2.name()
           && e1.dateOfBirth() == e2.dateOfBirth();
}
inline size_t qHash(const Employee &key, size_t seed)
{
    return qHashMulti(seed, key.name(), key.dateOfBirth());
}
#endif // EMPLOYEE_H

In the example above, we've relied on Qt's own implementation of qHash () 对于 QString and QDate to give us a hash value for the employee's name and date of birth respectively.

Note that the implementation of the qHash () overloads offered by Qt may change at any time. You 不必 rely on the fact that qHash () will give the same results (for the same inputs) across different Qt versions.

算法复杂性攻击

All hash tables are vulnerable to a particular class of denial of service attacks, in which the attacker carefully pre-computes a set of different keys that are going to be hashed in the same bucket of a hash table (or even have the very same hash value). The attack aims at getting the worst-case algorithmic behavior (O(n) instead of amortized O(1), see 算法的复杂性 for the details) when the data is fed into the table.

In order to avoid this worst-case behavior, the calculation of the hash value done by qHash () can be salted by a random seed, that nullifies the attack's extent. This seed is automatically generated by QHash once per process, and then passed by QHash as the second argument of the two-arguments overload of the qHash () 函数。

This randomization of QHash is enabled by default. Even though programs should never depend on a particular QHash ordering, there may be situations where you temporarily need deterministic behavior, for example for debugging or regression testing. To disable the randomization, define the environment variable QT_HASH_SEED to have the value 0. Alternatively, you can call the QHashSeed::setDeterministicGlobalSeed () 函数。

另请参阅 QHashIterator , QMutableHashIterator , QMap ，和 QSet .

成员类型文档编制

QHash:: ConstIterator

Qt 样式同义词 QHash::const_iterator .

QHash:: Iterator

Qt 样式同义词 QHash::iterator .

QHash:: const_key_value_iterator

The QHash::const_key_value_iterator typedef provides an STL-style const iterator for QHash .

QHash::const_key_value_iterator is essentially the same as QHash::const_iterator with the difference that operator*() returns a key/value pair instead of a value.

另请参阅 QKeyValueIterator .

`[alias]` QHash:: difference_type

typedef 对于 ptrdiff_t。为兼容 STL 提供。

`[alias]` QHash:: key_type

typedef 对于 Key。为兼容 STL 提供。

QHash:: key_value_iterator

The QHash::key_value_iterator typedef provides an STL-style iterator for QHash .

QHash::key_value_iterator is essentially the same as QHash::iterator with the difference that operator*() returns a key/value pair instead of a value.

另请参阅 QKeyValueIterator .

`[alias]` QHash:: mapped_type

typedef 对于 T。为兼容 STL 提供。

`[alias]` QHash:: size_type

typedef 对于 int。为兼容 STL 提供。

成员函数文档编制

`[noexcept]` T QHash:: value (const Key & key ) const

`[noexcept]` T QHash:: value (const Key & key , const T & defaultValue ) const

这是重载函数。

返回值关联 key .

若哈希包含的项不具有 key ，函数返回 defaultValue ，或默认构造值如果未供给此参数。

`[noexcept]` Key QHash:: key (const T & value ) const

`[noexcept]` Key QHash:: key (const T & value , const Key & defaultKey ) const

Returns the first key mapped to value . If the hash contains no item mapped to value ，返回 defaultKey ，或 default-constructed key 如果未供给此参数。

此函数可能很慢 ( 线性时间 )，因为 QHash 's internal data structure is optimized for fast lookup by key, not by value.

`[since 6.4]` auto QHash:: asKeyValueRange () &

`[since 6.4]` auto QHash:: asKeyValueRange () &&

`[since 6.4]` auto QHash:: asKeyValueRange () const &

`[since 6.4]` auto QHash:: asKeyValueRange () const &&

Returns a range object that allows iteration over this hash as key/value pairs. For instance, this range object can be used in a range-based for loop, in combination with a structured binding declaration:

QHash<QString, int> hash;
hash.insert("January", 1);
hash.insert("February", 2);
// ...
hash.insert("December", 12);
for (auto [key, value] : hash.asKeyValueRange()) {
    cout << qPrintable(key) << ": " << value << endl;
    --value; // convert to JS month indexing
}

Note that both the key and the value obtained this way are references to the ones in the hash. Specifically, mutating the value will modify the hash itself.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

该函数在 Qt 6.4 引入。

另请参阅 QKeyValueIterator .

template <typename... Args> QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: emplace ( Key && key , Args &&... args )

template <typename... Args> QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: emplace (const Key & key , Args &&... args )

Inserts a new element into the container. This new element is constructed in-place using args as the arguments for its construction.

Returns an iterator pointing to the new element.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

`[noexcept]` QHash:: QHash ()

构造空哈希。

另请参阅 clear ().

QHash:: QHash ( std::initializer_list < std::pair < Key , T >> list )

Constructs a hash with a copy of each of the elements in the initializer list list .

template <typename InputIterator> QHash:: QHash ( InputIterator begin , InputIterator end )

Constructs a hash with a copy of each of the elements in the iterator range [ begin , end ). Either the elements iterated by the range must be objects with 第一 and second data members (like std::pair ), convertible to Key and to T respectively; or the iterators must have key() and value() member functions, returning a key convertible to Key and a value convertible to T 分别。

`[noexcept]` QHash:: QHash (const QHash < Key , T > & other )

构造副本为 other .

This operation occurs in 常量时间 , because QHash is 隐式共享 . This makes returning a QHash from a function very fast. If a shared instance is modified, it will be copied (copy-on-write), and this takes 线性时间 .

另请参阅 operator= ().

`[noexcept]` QHash:: QHash ( QHash < Key , T > && other )

Move-constructs a QHash instance, making it point at the same object that other 所指向的。

QHash:: ~QHash ()

Destroys the hash. References to the values in the hash and all iterators of this hash become invalid.

QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: begin ()

返回 STL 样式迭代器指向哈希中的首项。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 constBegin () 和 end ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: begin () const

这是重载函数。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

`[noexcept]` qsizetype QHash:: capacity () const

Returns the number of buckets in the QHash 的内部哈希表。

The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine tuning QHash 's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function. If you want to know how many items are in the hash, call size ().

另请参阅 reserve () 和 squeeze ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: cbegin () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器指向哈希中的首项。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 begin () 和 cend ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: cend () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary item after the last item in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 cbegin () 和 end ().

`[noexcept(...)]` void QHash:: clear ()

移除哈希的所有项，并释放它所使用的所有内存。

注意： This function does not throw any exception when "std::is_nothrow_destructible<Node>::value" is true.

另请参阅 remove ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: constBegin () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器指向哈希中的首项。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 begin () 和 constEnd ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: constEnd () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary item after the last item in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 constBegin () 和 end ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: constFind (const Key & key ) const

返回迭代器指向的项具有 key 在哈希中。

若哈希包含的项不具有 key ，函数返回 constEnd ().

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 find ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_key_value_iterator QHash:: constKeyValueBegin () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器指向第一哈希条目。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyValueBegin ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_key_value_iterator QHash:: constKeyValueEnd () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary entry after the last entry in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 constKeyValueBegin ().

`[noexcept]` bool QHash:: contains (const Key & key ) const

返回 true 若哈希包含的项具有 key ；否则返回 false .

另请参阅 count ().

`[noexcept]` qsizetype QHash:: count (const Key & key ) const

返回项数关联 key .

另请参阅 contains ().

`[noexcept]` qsizetype QHash:: count () const

这是重载函数。

如同 size ().

`[noexcept]` bool QHash:: empty () const

此函数为兼容 STL (标准模板库) 提供。它相当于 isEmpty (), returning true if the hash is empty; otherwise returns false .

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: end ()

返回 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary item after the last item in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 begin () 和 constEnd ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: end () const

这是重载函数。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: erase ( QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator pos )

Removes the (key, value) pair associated with the iterator pos from the hash, and returns an iterator to the next item in the hash.

此函数从不会导致 QHash to rehash its internal data structure. This means that it can safely be called while iterating, and won't affect the order of items in the hash. For example:

QHash<QObject *, int> objectHash;
...
QHash<QObject *, int>::iterator i = objectHash.find(obj);
while (i != objectHash.end() && i.key() == obj) {
    if (i.value() == 0) {
        i = objectHash.erase(i);
    } else {
        ++i;
    }
}

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 remove (), take ()，和 find ().

QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: find (const Key & key )

返回迭代器指向的项具有 key 在哈希中。

若哈希包含的项不具有 key ，函数返回 end ().

If the hash contains multiple items with the key , this function returns an iterator that points to the most recently inserted value. The other values are accessible by incrementing the iterator. For example, here's some code that iterates over all the items with the same key:

QHash<QString, int> hash;
...
QHash<QString, int>::const_iterator i = hash.find("HDR");
while (i != hash.end() && i.key() == "HDR") {
    cout << i.value() << endl;
    ++i;
}

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 value () 和 values ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_iterator QHash:: find (const Key & key ) const

这是重载函数。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

QHash < Key , T > ::iterator QHash:: insert (const Key & key , const T & value )

插入新项具有 key 和值 value .

If there is already an item with the key , that item's value is replaced with value .

Returns an iterator pointing to the new/updated element.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

void QHash:: insert (const QHash < Key , T > & other )

Inserts all the items in the other hash into this hash.

If a key is common to both hashes, its value will be replaced with the value stored in other .

`[noexcept]` bool QHash:: isEmpty () const

返回 true if the hash contains no items; otherwise returns false.

另请参阅 size ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::key_iterator QHash:: keyBegin () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器指向哈希中的第一个 Key。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyEnd ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::key_iterator QHash:: keyEnd () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary item after the last key in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyBegin ().

QHash < Key , T > ::key_value_iterator QHash:: keyValueBegin ()

返回 STL 样式迭代器指向第一哈希条目。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyValueEnd ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_key_value_iterator QHash:: keyValueBegin () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器指向第一哈希条目。

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyValueEnd ().

QHash < Key , T > ::key_value_iterator QHash:: keyValueEnd ()

返回 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary entry after the last entry in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyValueBegin ().

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > ::const_key_value_iterator QHash:: keyValueEnd () const

返回常量 STL 样式迭代器 pointing to the imaginary entry after the last entry in the hash.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 keyValueBegin ().

QList < Key > QHash:: keys () const

Returns a list containing all the keys in the hash, in an arbitrary order.

The order is guaranteed to be the same as that used by values ().

此函数创建新列表，按线性时间 . The time and memory use that entails can be avoided by iterating from keyBegin () 到 keyEnd ().

另请参阅 values () 和 key ().

QList < Key > QHash:: keys (const T & value ) const

这是重载函数。

Returns a list containing all the keys associated with value value ，按任意次序。

此函数可能很慢 ( 线性时间 )，因为 QHash 's internal data structure is optimized for fast lookup by key, not by value.

`[noexcept]` float QHash:: load_factor () const

Returns the current load factor of the QHash 's internal hash table. This is the same as capacity ()/ size (). The implementation used will aim to keep the load factor between 0.25 and 0.5. This avoids having too many hash table collisions that would degrade performance.

Even with a low load factor, the implementation of the hash table has a very low memory overhead.

This method purely exists for diagnostic purposes and you should rarely need to call it yourself.

另请参阅 reserve () 和 squeeze ().

bool QHash:: remove (const Key & key )

Removes the item that has the key from the hash. Returns true if the key exists in the hash and the item has been removed, and false otherwise.

另请参阅 clear () 和 take ().

`[since 6.1]` template <typename Predicate> qsizetype QHash:: removeIf ( Predicate pred )

Removes all elements for which the predicate pred returns true from the hash.

The function supports predicates which take either an argument of type QHash<Key, T>::iterator , or an argument of type std::pair<const Key &, T &> .

Returns the number of elements removed, if any.

该函数在 Qt 6.1 引入。

另请参阅 clear () 和 take ().

void QHash:: reserve ( qsizetype size )

确保 QHash 's internal hash table has space to store at least size items without having to grow the hash table.

This implies that the hash table will contain at least 2 * size buckets to ensure good performance

This function is useful for code that needs to build a huge hash and wants to avoid repeated reallocation. For example:

QHash<QString, int> hash;
hash.reserve(20000);
for (int i = 0; i < 20000; ++i)
    hash.insert(keys[i], values[i]);

Ideally, size should be the maximum number of items expected in the hash. QHash will then choose the smallest possible number of buckets that will allow storing size items in the table without having to grow the internal hash table. If size is an underestimate, the worst that will happen is that the QHash will be a bit slower.

In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function. QHash 's internal hash table automatically grows to provide good performance without wasting too much memory.

另请参阅 squeeze () 和 capacity ().

`[noexcept]` qsizetype QHash:: size () const

返回哈希中的项数。

另请参阅 isEmpty () 和 count ().

void QHash:: squeeze ()

Reduces the size of the QHash 's internal hash table to save memory.

The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine tuning QHash 's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function.

另请参阅 reserve () 和 capacity ().

`[noexcept]` void QHash:: swap ( QHash < Key , T > & other )

交换哈希 other with this hash. This operation is very fast and never fails.

T QHash:: take (const Key & key )

Removes the item with the key from the hash and returns the value associated with it.

If the item does not exist in the hash, the function simply returns a 默认构造值 .

若不使用返回值， remove () 效率更高。

另请参阅 remove ().

QList < T > QHash:: values () const

Returns a list containing all the values in the hash, in an arbitrary order.

The order is guaranteed to be the same as that used by keys ().

此函数创建新列表，按线性时间 . The time and memory use that entails can be avoided by iterating from keyValueBegin () 到 keyValueEnd ().

另请参阅 keys () 和 value ().

bool QHash:: operator!= (const QHash < Key , T > & other ) const

返回 true if other 不等于此哈希；否则返回 false .

Two hashes are considered equal if they contain the same (key, value) pairs.

This function requires the value type to implement operator==() .

另请参阅 operator== ().

`[noexcept(...)]` QHash < Key , T > &QHash:: operator= (const QHash < Key , T > & other )

赋值 other to this hash and returns a reference to this hash.

注意： This function does not throw any exception when "std::is_nothrow_destructible<Node>::value" is true.

`[noexcept]` QHash < Key , T > &QHash:: operator= ( QHash < Key , T > && other )

移动赋值 other 到此 QHash 实例。

bool QHash:: operator== (const QHash < Key , T > & other ) const

返回 true if other is equal to this hash; otherwise returns false.

Two hashes are considered equal if they contain the same (key, value) pairs.

This function requires the value type to implement operator==() .

另请参阅 operator!= ().

T &QHash:: operator[] (const Key & key )

返回值关联 key 作为可修改引用。

若哈希包含的项不具有 key , the function inserts a 默认构造值 into the hash with the key , and returns a reference to it.

警告： Returned iterators/references should be considered invalidated the next time you call a non-const function on the hash, or when the hash is destroyed.

另请参阅 insert () 和 value ().

`[noexcept]` const T QHash:: operator[] (const Key & key ) const

这是重载函数。

如同 value ().

相关非成员

`[since 6.1]` template <typename Key, typename T, typename Predicate> qsizetype erase_if ( QHash < Key , T > & hash , Predicate pred )

Removes all elements for which the predicate pred returns true from the hash hash .

The function supports predicates which take either an argument of type QHash<Key, T>::iterator , or an argument of type std::pair<const Key &, T &> .

Returns the number of elements removed, if any.

该函数在 Qt 6.1 引入。