识别模块

Identified modules are modules that are installed and identifiable to the QML engine by a URI in the form of a dotted identifier string, which should be specified by the module in its qmldir file. This enables such modules to be imported with a unique identifier that remains the same no matter where the module is located on the local file system.

When importing an identified module, an unquoted identifier is used, with an optional version number:

import QtQuick 2.0
import com.nokia.qml.mymodule 1.0

Identified modules must be installed into the import 路径 in order to be found by the QML engine.

Syntactically, each dot-separated segment of the URI must be a well-formed ECMAScript Identifier Name. This means, for example, the segments must not start with a number and they must not contain - (minus) characters. As the URI will be translated into directory names, you should restrict it to alphanumeric characters of the latin alphabet, underscores, and dots.

本地安装识别模块

A directory of QML and/or C++ files can be shared as an identified module if it contains a qmldir 文件 with the module metadata and is installed into the QML import path. Any QML file on the local file system can import this directory as a module by using an import statement that refers to the module's URI, enabling the file to use the QML 对象类型 and JavaScript resources defined by the module.

The module's qmldir file must reside in a directory structure within the import 路径 that reflects the URI dotted identifier string, where each dot (".") in the identifier reflects a sub-level in the directory tree. For example, the qmldir file of the module com.mycompany.mymodule must be located in the sub-path com/mycompany/mymodule/qmldir somewhere in the import 路径 .

It is possible to store different versions of a module in subdirectories of its own. For example, a version 2.1 of a module could be located under com/mycompany/mymodule.2/qmldir or com/mycompany/mymodule.2.1/qmldir . The engine will automatically load the module which matches best.

Alternatively, versioning for different types can be defined within a qmldir file itself, however this can make updating such a module more difficult (as a qmldir file merge must take place as part of the update procedure).

范例

Consider the following QML project directory structure. Under the top level directory myapp , there are a set of common UI components in a sub-directory named mycomponents , and the main application code in a sub-directory named main ，像这样：

myapp
    |- mycomponents
        |- CheckBox.qml
        |- DialogBox.qml
        |- Slider.qml
    |- main
        |- application.qml

To make the mycomponents directory available as an identified module, the directory must include a qmldir 文件 that defines the module identifier, and describes the object types made available by the module. For example, to make the CheckBox , DialogBox and Slider types available for version 1.0 of the module, the qmldir file would contain the following:

module myapp.mycomponents
CheckBox 1.0 CheckBox.qml
DialogBox 1.0 DialogBox.qml
Slider 1.0 Slider.qml

Additionally, the location of the qmldir file in the import 路径 must match the module's dotted identifier string. So, say the top level myapp directory is located in C:\qml\projects , and say the module should be identified as "myapp.mycomponents". In this case:

The path C:\qml\projects should be added to the import 路径
The qmldir file should be located under C:\qml\projects\myapp\mycomponents\qmldir

Once this is done, a QML file located anywhere on the local filesystem can import the module by referring to its URI and the appropriate version:

import myapp.mycomponents 1.0
DialogBox {
    CheckBox {
        // ...
    }
    Slider {
        // ...
    }
}

远程安装识别模块

Identified modules are also accessible as a network resource. In the previous example, if the C:\qml\projects directory was hosted as http://www.some-server.com/qml/projects and this URL was added to the QML import path, the module could be imported in exactly the same way.

Note that when a file imports a module over a network, it can only access QML and JavaScript resources provided by the module; it cannot access any types defined by C++ plugins in the module.

识别模块的语义

An identified module is provided with the following guarantees by the QML engine:

other modules are unable to modify or override types in the module's namespace
other modules are unable to register new types into the module's namespace
usage of type names by clients will resolve deterministically to a given type definition depending on the versioning specified and the import order

This ensures that clients which use the module can be certain that the object types defined in the module will behave as the module author documented.

An identified module has several restrictions upon it:

an identified module must be installed into the QML import 路径
the module identifier specified in the 模块标识符指令 must match the install path of the module (relative to the QML import path, where directory separators are replaced with period characters)
the module must register its types into the module identifier type namespace
the module may not register types into any other module's namespace
clients must specify a version when importing the module

For example, if an identified module is installed into $QML_IMPORT_PATH/ExampleModule , the module identifier directive must be:

module ExampleModule

If the strict module is installed into $QML_IMPORT_PATH/com/example/CustomUi , the module identifier directive must be:

module com.example.CustomUi

Clients will then be able to import the above module with the following import statement (assuming that the module registers types into version 1.0 of its namespace):

import com.example.CustomUi 1.0