第 5 章：编写基准测试

This chapter demonstrates how to write benchmarks using Qt Test.

编写基准测试

To create a benchmark we extend a test function with a QBENCHMARK macro. A benchmark test function will then typically consist of setup code and a QBENCHMARK macro that contains the code to be measured. This test function benchmarks QString::localeAwareCompare ().

void TestBenchmark::simple()
{
    QString str1 = QLatin1String("This is a test string");
    QString str2 = QLatin1String("This is a test string");
    QCOMPARE(str1.localeAwareCompare(str2), 0);
    QBENCHMARK {
        str1.localeAwareCompare(str2);
    }
}

Setup can be done at the beginning of the function. At this point, the clock is not running. The code inside the QBENCHMARK macro will be measured, and possibly repeated several times in order to get an accurate measurement.

Several back-ends are available and can be selected on the command line.

数据函数

Data functions are useful for creating benchmarks that compare multiple data inputs, for example locale aware compare against standard compare.

void TestBenchmark::multiple_data()
{
    QTest::addColumn<bool>("useLocaleCompare");
    QTest::newRow("locale-aware-compare") << true;
    QTest::newRow("standard-compare") << false;
}

The test function then uses the data to determine what to benchmark.

void TestBenchmark::multiple()
{
    QFETCH(bool, useLocaleCompare);
    QString str1 = QLatin1String("This is a test string");
    QString str2 = QLatin1String("This is a test string");
    int result;
    if (useLocaleCompare) {
        QBENCHMARK {
            result = str1.localeAwareCompare(str2);
        }
    } else {
        QBENCHMARK {
            result = (str1 == str2);
        }
    }
    Q_UNUSED(result);
}

The if (useLocaleCompare) switch is placed outside the QBENCHMARK macro to avoid measuring its overhead. Each benchmark test function can have one active QBENCHMARK macro.

Building the Executable

You can build the test case executable using CMake or qmake.

构建采用 CMake

Configure your build settings in your CMakeLists.txt file:

# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(tutorial5 LANGUAGES CXX)
find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core Gui Test Widgets)
qt_standard_project_setup()
qt_add_executable(tutorial5
    benchmarking.cpp
)
set_target_properties(tutorial5 PROPERTIES
    WIN32_EXECUTABLE TRUE
    MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE
)
target_link_libraries(tutorial5 PRIVATE
    Qt6::Core
    Qt6::Gui
    Qt6::Test
    Qt6::Widgets
)
install(TARGETS tutorial5
    BUNDLE  DESTINATION .
    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
)
qt_generate_deploy_app_script(
    TARGET tutorial5
    OUTPUT_SCRIPT deploy_script
    NO_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM_ERROR
)
install(SCRIPT ${deploy_script})

Next, from the command line, run either cmake 或使用 qt-cmake convenience script located in Qt-prefix/<version>/<platform>/bin/qt-cmake :

<Qt-prefix>/<version>/<platform>/bin/qt-cmake <source-dir> <build-dir> -G Ninja

Then, run your preferred generator tool to build the executable. Here, we're using Ninja:

ninja

采用 qmake 构建

Configure your build settings in your .pro 文件：

QT += widgets testlib
SOURCES = benchmarking.cpp
# install
target.path = $$[QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES]/qtestlib/tutorial5
INSTALLS += target

Next, run qmake , and, finally, run make to build your executable:

qmake
make

Running the Executable

Running the resulting executable should give you the following output:

********* Start testing of TestBenchmark *********
Config: Using QtTest library %VERSION%, Qt %VERSION%
PASS   : TestBenchmark::initTestCase()
PASS   : TestBenchmark::simple()
RESULT : TestBenchmark::simple():
     0.00030 msecs per iteration (total: 79, iterations: 262144)
PASS   : TestBenchmark::multiple(locale-aware-compare)
RESULT : TestBenchmark::multiple():"locale-aware-compare":
     0.00029 msecs per iteration (total: 78, iterations: 262144)
.....
PASS   : TestBenchmark::series(locale-aware-compare:8001)
RESULT : TestBenchmark::series():"locale-aware-compare:8001":
     0.039 msecs per iteration (total: 81, iterations: 2048)
Totals: 15 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 3971ms
********* Finished testing of TestBenchmark *********

第 4 章第 6 章