QML 值类型

QML 支持内置和自定义值类型。

A 值类型 is one that is conceptually passed by value rather than by reference, such as an int 或 string . This contrasts with QML 对象类型 . Object types are passed by reference. If you assign an instance of an object type to two different properties, both properties carry the same value. Modifying the object is reflected in both properties. If you assign an instance of a value type to two different properties, the properties carry separate values. If you modify one of them, the other one stays the same. Value types are only conceptually passed by value since it must still be possible to interact with them as if they were JavaScript objects. To facilitate this, in reality they are passed as Value Type References when you access them from JavaScript code.

Unlike an object type, a value type cannot be used to declare QML objects: it is not possible, for example, to declare an int{} 对象或 size{} 对象。

值类型可以用于引用：

单个值 (如 int 引用单个数字)
A value that contains properties and methods (e.g. size 引用值具有 width and height 特性)
一般类型 var . It can hold values of any other type but is itself a value type.

When a variable or property holds a value type and it is assigned to another variable or property, then a copy of the value is made.

可用值类型

Some value types are supported by the engine by default and do not require an import statement to be used, while others do require the client to import the module which provides them. All of the value types listed below may be used as a property type in a QML document, with the following exceptions:

void , which marks the absence of a value
list must be used in conjunction with an object or value type as element
enumeration cannot be used directly as the enumeration must be defined by a registered QML object type

由 QML 语言提供的内置值类型

The built-in value types supported natively in the QML 语言 are listed below:

bool	二进制 true/false 值
date	日期值
double	带小数点的数字，以双精度存储
enumeration	命名枚举值
int	整数 (如：0、10 或 -20)
list	QML 对象列表
real	带小数点的数字
string	自由形式文本字符串
url	资源定位器
var	一般特性类型
variant	一般特性类型
void	空值类型

由 QML 模块提供的值类型

QML modules may extend the QML language with more value types.

For instance, the value types provided by the QtQml 模块是：

point	具有 X 和 Y 属性的值
rect	具有 X、Y、宽度及高度属性的值
size	具有宽度和高度属性的值

The value types provided by the QtQuick 模块是：

color	ARGB color value
font	Font value with the properties of QFont. The font type refers to a font value with the properties of QFont
matrix4x4	A matrix4x4 type is a 4-row and 4-column matrix
quaternion	A quaternion type has scalar, x, y, and z attributes
vector2d	A vector2d type has x and y attributes
vector3d	Value with x, y, and z attributes
vector4d	A vector4d type has x, y, z and w attributes

The Qt 全局对象提供 useful functions for manipulating values of value types for the Qt Qml and Qt Quick 模块。

Other Qt modules will document their value types on their respective module pages.

You may define your own value types as described in 从 C++ 定义 QML 类型 . In order to use types provided by a particular QML module, clients must import that module in their QML documents.

用于值类型的特性改变行为

Some value types have properties: for example, the font 类型拥有 pixelSize , family and bold properties. Unlike properties of 对象类型 , properties of value types do not provide their own property change signals. It is only possible to create a property change signal handler for the value type property itself:

Text {
    // invalid!
    onFont.pixelSizeChanged: doSomething()
    // also invalid!
    font {
        onPixelSizeChanged: doSomething()
    }
    // but this is ok
    onFontChanged: doSomething()
}

Be aware, however, that a property change signal for a value type is emitted whenever any of its attributes have changed, as well as when the property itself changes. Take the following code, for example:

Text {
    onFontChanged: console.log("font changed")
    Text { id: otherText }
    focus: true
    // changing any of the font attributes, or reassigning the property
    // to a different font value, will invoke the onFontChanged handler
    Keys.onDigit1Pressed: font.pixelSize += 1
    Keys.onDigit2Pressed: font.b = !font.b
    Keys.onDigit3Pressed: font = otherText.font
}

In contrast, properties of an 对象类型 emit their own property change signals, and a property change signal handler for an object-type property is only invoked when the property is reassigned to a different object value.

另请参阅 QML 类型系统 .