第 2 章：数据驱动测试

如何创建数据驱动测试。

In this chapter we will demonstrate how to execute a test multiple times with different test data.

So far, we have hard coded the data we wanted to test into our test function. If we add more test data, the function might look like this:

QCOMPARE(QString("hello").toUpper(), QString("HELLO"));
QCOMPARE(QString("Hello").toUpper(), QString("HELLO"));
QCOMPARE(QString("HellO").toUpper(), QString("HELLO"));
QCOMPARE(QString("HELLO").toUpper(), QString("HELLO"));

To prevent that the function ends up being cluttered by repetitive code, Qt Test supports adding test data to a test function. All we need is to add another private slot to our test class:

class TestQString: public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
private slots:
    void toUpper_data();
    void toUpper();
};

编写数据函数

A test function's associated data function carries the same name, appended by _data . Our data function looks like this:

void TestQString::toUpper_data()
{
    QTest::addColumn<QString>("string");
    QTest::addColumn<QString>("result");
    QTest::newRow("all lower") << "hello" << "HELLO";
    QTest::newRow("mixed")     << "Hello" << "HELLO";
    QTest::newRow("all upper") << "HELLO" << "HELLO";
}

First, we define the two elements of our test table using the QTest::addColumn () function: a test string, and the expected result of applying the QString::toUpper () function to that string.

Then we add some data to the table using the QTest::newRow () function. Each set of data will become a separate row in the test table.

QTest::newRow () takes one argument: a name that will be associated with the data set and used in the test log to identify the data set. Then we stream the data set into the new table row. First an arbitrary string, and then the expected result of applying the QString::toUpper () function to that string.

You can think of the test data as a two-dimensional table. In our case, it has two columns called string and result and three rows. In addition a name as well as an index is associated with each row:

index	名称	string	result
0	all lower	"hello"	HELLO
1	mixed	"Hello"	HELLO
2	all upper	"HELLO"	HELLO

When data is streamed into the row, each datum is asserted to match the type of the column whose value it supplies. If any assertion fails, the test is aborted.

重写测试函数

Our test function can now be rewritten:

void TestQString::toUpper()
{
    QFETCH(QString, string);
    QFETCH(QString, result);
    QCOMPARE(string.toUpper(), result);
}

The TestQString::toUpper() function will be executed three times, once for each entry in the test table that we created in the associated TestQString::toUpper_data() function.

First, we fetch the two elements of the data set using the QFETCH () 宏。 QFETCH () takes two arguments: The data type of the element and the element name. Then we perform the test using the QCOMPARE () 宏。

This approach makes it very easy to add new data to the test without modifying the test itself.

And again, to make our test case a stand-alone executable, the following two lines are needed:

QTEST_MAIN(TestQString)
#include "testqstring.moc"

As before, the QTEST_MAIN () macro expands to a simple main() method that runs all the test functions, and since both the declaration and the implementation of our test class are in a .cpp file, we also need to include the generated moc file to make Qt's introspection work.

范例工程 @ code.qt.io