扩展 QML - 继承与强制转换范例

C++ Inheritance and Coercion.

此范例构建于：

The Inheritance and Coercion Example shows how to use base classes to assign types of more than one type to a property. It specializes the Person type developed in the previous examples into two types - a Boy 和 Girl .

BirthdayParty {
    host: Boy {
        name: "Bob Jones"
        shoeSize: 12
    }
    guests: [
        Boy { name: "Leo Hodges" },
        Boy { name: "Jack Smith" },
        Girl { name: "Anne Brown" }
    ]
}

Declare Boy and Girl

QML_ELEMENT
QML_UNCREATABLE("Person is an abstract base class.")

The Person class remains unaltered in this example and the Boy and Girl C++ classes are trivial extensions of it. As an example, the inheritance used here is a little contrived, but in real applications it is likely that the two extensions would add additional properties or modify the Person classes behavior.

Define People as a Base Class

The implementation of the People class itself has not changed since the previous example. However, as we have repurposed the People class as a common base for Boy and Girl, we want to prevent it from being instantiated from QML directly - an explicit Boy or Girl should be instantiated instead.

QML_ELEMENT
QML_UNCREATABLE("Person is an abstract base class.")

While we want to disallow instantiating Person from within QML, it still needs to be registered with the QML engine, so that it can be used as a property type and other types can be coerced to it. This is what the QML_UNCREATABLE macro does.

Define Boy and Girl

The implementation of Boy and Girl is trivial.

Boy::Boy(QObject * parent)
: Person(parent)
{
}
Girl::Girl(QObject * parent)
: Person(parent)
{
}

All that is necessary is to implement the constructor, and to register the types and their QML name with the QML engine.

运行范例

The BirthdayParty type has not changed since the previous example. The celebrant and guests property still use the People type.

    Q_PROPERTY(Person *host READ host WRITE setHost)
    Q_PROPERTY(QQmlListProperty<Person> guests READ guests)
    QML_ELEMENT

However, as all three types, Person, Boy and Girl, have been registered with the QML system, on assignment QML automatically (and type-safely) converts the Boy and Girl objects into a Person.

The main.cpp file in the example includes a simple shell application that loads and runs the QML snippet shown at the beginning of this page.

范例工程 @ code.qt.io